The question of who is Congolese or how to become Congolese is answered in the Congolese nationality code. Without being sensitive, Congolese nationality is a complex and contradictory issue, even if there is not much case law in this area. The Congolese nationality code shows many inconsistencies with the texts in force. Adopted in 1961, this code has never been reviewed to the point that it appears to be in contradiction with current legislation. Thisbook provides a critical analysis of the legislation on nationality to highlight the contradictions and complexity of the law. It shows how, despite the changes in Congolese society, the legislation has not kept up with these changes, hence the need to take into account the shortcomings surrounding the law in order to bring it into line with modernity.