This monograph was written on the basis of biochemical and endocrinological studies on the problems of the growth and development of the organism, the formation of mental and physical abilities, sexual activity, and the development of the fetus due to the lack of iodine trace elements. The results of the author's research proved that almost 2 billion of the world's population suffer from iodine micronutrient deficiency, which covers almost 30% of the world's population.[ Ma Z.F., Skeaff S.A. (2017) Assessment of Population Iodine Status. In: Pearce E. (eds) Iodine Deficiency Disorders and Their Elimination. Springer, Cham. Pages 15-28.] Iodine deficiency According to the results of the literature, 740 million people in the world have endemic goiter and 11 million people have endemic cretinism. It is for this reason that the study of the mechanisms of thyroid gland function disorders and the interaction of the thyroid gland with other organs of the body is considered as research of special importance.