The difference in income between the richest and poorest segments of the population in modern Russia is constantly growing, which indicates the deepening social polarization of society in terms of income. The root cause of the high differentiation of incomes in the process of transformation of the social and economic system is the implementation in a spontaneous and legally unprepared form of denationalization and privatization, which initiated the distribution of national wealth in the interests of a narrow circle of individuals. Such situation in the distribution of incomes does not meet the requirements of safe development of modern society and its advancement to the task of creating a socially oriented economy. Growth of income differentiation of the population as a result of ongoing process of property redistribution and concentration of property in the hands of a small stratum of people testifies to strengthening of influence of "super-rich" part of society on state policy in solution of socially important issues that can lead to social break-up of society, to appearance of deep gap between the highest elite strata and the main mass of population.