Any complex things can be explained simply. The book uses new logical approaches to present all the key topics of philosophy in simple verbal forms, quite understandable to a high school student.The book contains new philosophical insights into the human psyche. Its main feature is that it presents a number of ideas about the structure and functioning of the psyche. In particular, new philosophical theories of mind, concept, association, intuition, perception, attention, recognition, understanding, etc. The idea of creating intelligent devices with artificial psyche is developed here. All this is made possible by information theory and the theory of dialectical logic, which were developed in book one. All these are bright results of the new dialectical approach.The scientific significance of the book lies in the fact that it is a convenient means of interdisciplinary seminar for scientists of various private sciences, and contains a number of new scientific ideas.