The contribution of the wine industry to the Spanish economy, in terms of employment and Gross Value Added (GVA), is extremely important. However, this activity not only stands out for its economic weight, but also for its social, patrimonial and environmental value. Indeed, the Spanish wine industry has a deep link with the national gastronomy, culture, heritage, landscape wealth, the image projected abroad, as well as other elements that make up the identity of the Iberian country. In view of this reality, this book aims to improve the comprehensive understanding of the significance of vine cultivation, production and distribution of wine in Spain, through the joint consideration of its economic, social, patrimonial and environmental implications.