Do mergers and acquisitions in the banking sector matter? This book explores performance, efficiency and shareholders wealth effects of banking institutions' mergers and acquisitions in Kenya for the period 1989 - 2010. Two major approaches are used. The first approach involves modelling performance and efficiency effects to capture benefits streaming to the institutions and the second approach analyses stock returns to determine shareholders' value effects. A Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) profit efficiency model is used in the efficiency analysis, while events study methodology is engaged to assess stockholder gains. Standard performance ratios are also employed in the study to assess performance gains in the post merger entities. The book then presents bank specific determinants of successful banking institutions mergers and acquisitions.