Over the past 30 years on the territory of the former Soviet Union there was practically a change of civilizations: instead of socialist-oriented - came the civilization of capitalism, and a global financial-usurious capitalism. The question of the change of civilization should be considered not only by scientists, but by the Russian Orthodox Church as well. Because the complete and final victory of global financial capitalism is possible only with the complete destruction of Christian spiritual and moral values of the people and replacing them with an anti-Christian worldview. Today people are waiting from the Russian Orthodox Church for answers to the questions of how they can coexist or fight global financial and usurious capitalism. Orthodoxy today faces a choice of economic doctrine in coexistence with global financial capitalism: a) the "holy fatherly" doctrine (idea of collectivism, public property, etc.); b) the "Protestant" doctrine (focus on profit, private property, wage labor, etc.).