In recent decades, one of the significant issues for businesses in developing countries has been the increasing impact of the environment on business. It is a world open to all the environmental contingencies presented, particularly in the phenomenon of globalization, the importance of commercial exchanges, technological innovations, and the functioning of economic-political structures (Lecerf, 2006).Globalization has opened up unprecedented opportunities for SMEs and has created a new, open and intense international environment imposed on SMEs in developing countries. These SMEs are forced to adapt to these environmental contingencies. The decision to engage in an adaptation program is motivated by the desire to oppose a decline in the performance results of the SME, which are likely to call into question the relevance of the strategic options currently implemented, OECD (2004). This book gives concepts, theoretical solutions and theoretical foundations to embark on a program ofadaptation for your company; We wish you a good reading.