To fight the COVID-19 pandemic, various techniques have been developed. Vaccine development is high on their priority list, despite the fact that the duration of protection is unknown. Various vaccinations have been tested in clinical trials in various countries, with promising outcomes. The vaccinations' protective efficacy as well as their short- and long-term negative effects are key concerns. As a result, assessing the preventive efficacy and dangers of vaccination is critical for COVID-19 management through herd immunity on a worldwide scale. This study examines the most recent data on 12 vaccines in order to assess their efficacy, safety profile, and application in different groups.