Thermoluminescence (TL) analysis is one of a very strong tool to investigate the defect states present in the crystal of the luminescent materials. Moreover, TL study can provides information about the impurities present in the materials. TL dosimetry using natural mineral is an established technique for radiation monitoring and measurement. Although several books available in this domain, but there is a general lack to find any book starting from the general concept of luminescence to its practical application in radiation dosimetry. This book contains seven chapters. This book will give the readers a complete idea starting from the basic luminescence mechanism to its application in radiation dosimetry. We believe, this book will be helpful to new inspiring scholars working in this field.