J Baird Callicott

Thinking Like a Planet

The Land Ethic and the Earth Ethic

• Broschiertes Buch

Produktbeschreibung

Bringing together ecology, evolutionary moral psychology, and environmental ethics, J. Baird Callicott counters the narrative of blame and despair that prevails in contemporary discussions of climate ethics and offers a fresh, more optimistic approach.

Produktdetails

• Verlag: Oxford University Press, USA
• Seitenzahl: 374
• Erscheinungstermin: 4. Februar 2014
• Englisch
• Abmessung: 233mm x 154mm x 32mm
• Gewicht: 530g
• ISBN-13: 9780199324897
• ISBN-10: 0199324891
• Artikelnr.: 39096352

Autorenporträt

J. Baird Callicott is University Distinguished Research Professor at the University of North Texas. He is co-Editor-in-Chief of the Encyclopedia of Environmental Ethics and Philosophy and author or editor of a score of books and author of dozens of journal articles, encyclopedia articles, and book chapters. His research goes forward on three main fronts: theoretical environmental ethics, comparative environmental philosophy, philosophy of ecology and conservation biology. He taught the world's first course in environmental ethics in 1971 at the University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point.

Inhaltsangabe

* Introduction
* PART 1: THE LAND ETHIC
* 1. A Sand County Almanac
* 1.1 The Author
* 1.2 The Provenance of the Book
* 1.3 The Unity of A Sand County Almanac-An Evolutionary-Ecological
Worldview
* 1.4 The Argument of the Foreword-Toward Worldview Remediation
* 1.5 The Argument in Part I-The Inter-subjective Biotic
Community-Introduced
* 1.6 The Argument of Part I-The Inter-subjective Biotic
Community-Driven Home
* 1.7 The Argument in Part II-The Evolutionary Aspect: Time and Telos
* 1.8 The Argument in Part II-The Evolutionary Aspect: Beauty, Kinship,
and Spirituality
* 1.9 The Argument of Part II-The Ecological Aspect
* 1.10 The Argument of Part II-The Pivotal Trope: "Thinking Like a
Mountain"
* 1.11 Norton's Narrow Interpretation of Leopold's
Worldview-remediation Project
* 1.12 The Argument of Part III-To "See" with the Ecologist's "Mental
Eye"
* 1.13 The Argument of Part III-Axiological Implications of the
Evolutionary-Ecological Worldview
* 1.14 The Argument of Part III-The Normative Implications of the
Evolutionary-Ecological Worldview
* 1.15 The Persuasive Power of Leopold's Style of Writing
* 1.16 The New Shifting Paradigm in Ecology and the
Evolutionary-Ecological Worldview
* 1.17 The Challenge Before Us
* 2. The Land Ethic: A Critical Account of Its Philosophical and
Evolutionary Foundations
* 2.1 The Odysseus Vignette
* 2.2 Expansion of the Scope of Ethics Over Time (?)
* 2.3 Ethical Criteria/Norms/Ideals versus (un)Ethical
Behavior/Practice
* 2.4 Ethics Ecologically (Biologically) Speaking
* 2.5 Darwin's Account of the Origin of Ethics by Natural Selection
* 2.6 Darwin's Account of the Extension of Ethics
* 2.7 The Community Concept in Ecology
* 2.8 The Humean Foundations of Darwin's Evolutionary Account of the
Moral Sense
* 2.9 Universalism and Relativism: Hume and Darwin
* 2.10 How Hume Anticipates Darwin's Account of the Origin and
Expansion of Ethics
* 2.11 Shades of the Social-Contract Theory of Ethics in "The Land
Ethic"
* 2.12 Individualism in (Benthamic) Utilitarianism and (Kantian)
Deontology
* 2.13 Holism in Hume's Moral Philosophy
* 2.14 Holism in "The Land Ethic"
* 2.15 The Land Ethic and the Problem of Ecofascism Resolved
* 2.16 Prioritizing Cross-community Duties and Obligations
* 2.17 Is The Land Ethic Anthropocentric or Non-anthropocentric?
* 3. The Land Ethic (an Ought): A Critical Account of Its Ecological
Foundations (an Is)
* 3.1 Moore's Naturalistic Fallacy
* 3.2 Hume's Is/Ought Dichotomy and the Land Ethic
* 3.3 How Hume Bridges the Lacuna Between Is-statements and
Ought-statements
* 3.4 How Kant Infers Ought-statements from Is-statements in
Hypothetical Imperatives
* 3.5 The Specter of Hume's Is/Ought Dichotomy Finally Exorcised
* 3.6 The Roles of Reason and Feeling in Hume's Ethical Theory
Generally and Leopold's Land Ethic Particularly
* 3.7 How the General Theory of Evolution Informs the Land Ethic
* 3.8 How Ecosystem Ecology Informs the Land Ethic-Beyond the Biota
* 3.9 How Ecosystem Ecology Informs the Land Ethic-A Fountain of Energy
* 3.10 How Organismic Ecology Informs the Land Ethic
* 3.11 How Mechanistic Ecology Informs the Land Ethic
* 3.12 How the Ecosystem Paradigm Returns Ecology to Its Organismic
Roots
* 3.13 How Leopold Anticipates Hierarchy Theory in "The Land Ethic"
* 3.14 Ecological Ontology and the Community Paradigm in Ecology
* 3.15 Ecological Ontology and the Ecosystem Paradigm in Ecology
* 3.16 The "Flux of Nature" Paradigm Shift in Contemporary Ecology and
"The Land Ethic"
* 3.17 A Revised Summary Moral Maxim for the Land Ethic
* 4. The Land Ethic and the Science of Ethics: From the Seventeenth
through the Twentieth Centuries
* 4.1 Hobbes's Science of Ethics
* 4.2 Locke's Science of Ethics
* 4.3 Hume's Science of Ethics
* 4.4 Kant's Science of Ethics
* 4.5 The Utilitarian Science of Ethics
* 4.6 How Logical Positivism Cleaved Apart Science and Ethics
* 4.7 Ayer's Migration of a Science of Ethics from Philosophy to the
Social Sciences
* 4.8 Kohlberg's Social Science of Ethics
* 4.9 Gilligan's Social Science of Ethics
* 4.10 Group Selection in Darwin's Science of Ethics
* 4.11 Group Selection in Wynne-Edwards's Evolutionary Biology
* 4.12 Williams's Attack on Group Selection
* 4.13 Huxley's and Williams's Anti-natural (and Anti-logical) View of
Ethics
* 4.14 Sociobiology: Wilson's Neo-Darwinian Account of the Origin of
Ethics
* 4.15 The Fallacies of Division and Composition in the Sociobiological
Science of Ethics
* 4.16 Sociobiology and Biological Determinism
* 4.17 The Evolutionary Foundations of the Land Ethic in Light of the
Modern and the New Syntheses in Evolutionary Biology
* 5. The Land Ethic and the Science of Ethics: In the Light of
Evolutionary Moral Psychology
* 5.1 Singer's Response to the Evolutionary Account of Ethics
* 5.2 Rachels' Response to the Evolutionary Account of Ethics
* 5.3 Darwin's Alternative to Animal Ethics à la Singer and Rachels
* 5.4 Midgley's Alternative to Animal Ethics à la Singer and Rachels
* 5.5 A Community-based Analysis of Ethical Partiality
* 5.6 A Community-based Analysis of Ethical Impartiality
* 5.7 Dennett, Singer, Arnhart, and Haidt on the Philosophical
Implications of Darwinism
* 5.8 Group Selection Revisited
* 5.9 The Analogy between Language and Ethics
* 5.10 Hume on Nature and Nurture in Ethics
* 5.11 Post-Positivist Ethical Absolutism
* 5.12 Wherefore Post-Positivist Ethical Rationalism and Exclusionism
* 5.13 Moral Norms in Humean Ethics Analogous to Medical Norms
* 5.14 Critically Appraising Moral Norms in Terms of Intra-social
Functionality and Inter-social Harmony
* 5.15 A Humean-Darwinian Science of Ethics and Constrained Cultural
Relativism
* 5.16 The Philosophical Foundations of the Land Ethic Vindicated by
the Contemporary Science of Ethics, but Limited to Ecological Spatial
and Temporal Scales
* PART II: THE EARTH ETHIC
* 6. The Earth Ethic: A Critical Account of Its Philosophical
Foundations
* 6.1 Leopold and Biblical Tropes
* 6.2 Ezekiel and Virtue Ethics-Both Individualistc and Holistic
* 6.3 Ezekiel and Responsibility to Future Generations
* 6.4 Ezekiel and Deontological Respect for the Earth as a Living Thing
* 6.5 Leopold Dimly Envisions Hierarchy Theory in "Some Fundamentals"
* 6.6 How Leopold Interprets P. D. Ouspensky and His Book, Tertium
Organum
* 6.7 The Earth's Soul or Consciousness
* 6.8 A Scalar Resolution of a "Dead" Earth versus the Earth as a
"Living Being"
* 6.9 Respect for Life as Such
* 6.10 Leopold's Charge that Both Religion and Science are
Anthropocentric
* 6.11 How Leopold Ridicules Metaphysical Anthropocentrism
* 6.12 Leopold's Use of Irony as an Instrument of Ridicule
* 6.13 Norton's Reading of Leopold as an Anthropocentric Pragmatist
* 6.14 Ouspensky, Leopold, and "Linguistic Pluralism"-according to
Norton
* 6.15 Leopold's Return to Virtue Ethics
* 6.16 Leopold's Non-anthropocentric Anthropocentrism
* 6.17 The Leopold Earth Ethic: A Summary and a Preview
* 7. The Earth Ethic: A Critical Account of Its Scientific Metaphysical
Foundations
* 7.1 Ouspensky's Metaphysics and the Four-dimensional Space-time
Continuum
* 7.2 Vernadsky's Metaphysics and the Four-dimensional Space-time
Continuum: Space
* 7.3 Vernadsky's Metaphysics and the Four-dimensional Space-time
Continuum: Time
* 7.4 Vernadsky's Doctrine of the Abiogenesis of Life on Earth
* 7.5 Venadsky's Anti-vitalism
* 7.6 Vernadsky's Lasting Contribution to Biogeochemistry and Gaian
Science
* 7.7 Teilhard's Concept of the Noösphere
* 7.8 Vernadsky's Concept of the Noösphere
* 7.9 Scientific Knowledge as a Planetary Phenomenon
* 7.10 The Biosphere Crosses the Atlantic
* 7.11 The Advent of the Gaia Hypothesis
* 7.12 The Biosphere and Gaia Ecologized
* 7.13 Vernadsky's Biosphere and Lovelock's Gaia: Similarities and
Differences
* 7.14 Leopold's Living Thing, Vernadsky's Biosphere, and Lovelock's
Gaia
* 7.15 Is the Gaia Hypothesis Necessarily Teleological and
Anthropomorphic?
* 7.16 Varieties of the Earth's Soul or Consciousness
* 7.17 Personal Speculations on the Earth's Soul or Consciousness
* 8. The Earth Ethic: A Critical Account of Its Biocentric
Deontological Foundations
* 8.1 Leopold's Biocentric Earth Ethic and the Living Earth
* 8.2 Gaian Ontology
* 8.3 Gaian Norms
* 8.4 Schweitzer's Reverence-for-Life Ethic
* 8.5 Schweitzer's Reverence-for-Life Ethic Rooted in the Metaphysics
of Schopenhauer
* 8.6 Feinberg's Conativism
* 8.7 Feinberg's Conativism as a Foundation for a Biocentric Earth
Ethic?
* 8.8 Goodpaster's Biocentrism
* 8.9 Goodpaster's Holistic Biocentrism as a Foundation for a
Biocentric Earth Ethic?
* 8.10 Feinberg the Tie that Binds Schweitzer and Goodpaster
* 8.11 Taylor's Individualistic Biocentrism and Regan's Case for Animal
Rights
* 8.12 Taylor's Deontology and Teleological Centers of Life
* 8.13 Taylor's Biocentrism as a Foundation for a Leopold Earth Ethic?
* 8.14 Rolston's Biocentrism as a Foundation for a Leopold Earth Ethic?
* 8.15 Goodpaster's Biocentrism Provides the Best Theoretical Support
for a Non-anthropocentric Earth Ethic
* 9. The Earth Ethic: A Critical Account of Its Anthropocentric
Foundations: The Natural Contract and Environmental Virtue Ethics
* 9.1 No Need to Patronize Gaia with Biocentric Moral Considerability
* 9.2 The Concept of Anthropocentrism Revisited
* 9.3 War and Peace
* 9.4 The Social Contract: The Ancient and Modern Theories
* 9.5 Du Contrat Social au Contrat Naturel
* 9.6 War or Peace?
* 9.7 The French Connection: Larrère
* 9.8 The French Connection: Latour
* 9.9 The French-Canadian Connection: Dussault
* 9.10 Virtue Ethics
* 9.11 Aristotelian Virtue Ethics
* 9.12 Environmental Virtue Ethics
* 9.13 Holistic Virtue Ethics: Self-respecting Crafts
* 9.14 Holistic Virtue Ethics: The Polis as a Social Whole
* 9.15 Holistic Virtue Ethics: Nomos versus Phusis
* 9.16 Holistic Virtue Ethics: Self-respecting Societies
* 9.17 The Dialectic of Social-Contract Theory and Virtue Ethics
* 10. The Earth Ethic: A Critical Account of Its Anthropocentric
Foundations--The limits of Rational Individualism
* 10.1 The Year was 1988 and Serres and Jamieson were the First
Philosophical Responders
* 10.2 Jamieson Frames the Theoretical Problem: The Legacy of
Smith-and-Jones Ethical Theory
* 10.3 Jamieson Suggests an Alternative Moral Philosophy-Virtue Ethics
* 10.4 The Moral Ontology and Logic of Smith-and-Jones Ethical Thinking
* 10.5 The Essence-and-Accident Moral Ontology of Rational
Individualism
* 10.6 Homo Economicus and Homo Ethicus-Two Sides of the Same Rational
Coin
* 10.7 Saving Rational Individualism: Moral Mathematics
* 10.8 Saving Rational Individualism: Proximate Ethical Holism
* 10.9 The Failure of Rational Individualism: Protracted Spatial Scale
* 10.10 The Failure of Rational Individualism: Protracted Temporal
Scale
* 10.11 The Role of "Theoretical Ineptitude" in Gardiner's Perfect
Moral Storm
* 11. The Earth Ethic: A Critical Account of Its Anthropocentric
Foundations--Responsibility to Future Generations and for Global
Human Civilization
* 11.1 Moral Ontology: Relationally Defined and Constituted Moral
Beings
* 11.2 Moral Ontology: Ethical Holism
* 11.3 Moral Psychology: The Moral Sentiments
* 11.4 Responsibility to Immediate Posterity
* 11.5 Responsibility to the Unknown Future Equals Responsibility for
Global Human Civilization
* 11.6 Summary and Conclusion
* Appendix
* "Some Fundamentals of Conservation in the Southwest"--by Aldo Leopold
* Notes
* Index