This book has a critical purpose on direction to eliminate malaria as a major health problem especially in Sub-sahara country. The book address that malaria diagnosis continues to be foremost among the challenges in malaria control strategies in Sub-Saharan countries. The World Health Organization changed malaria treatment Guidelines in 2010 to restrict the use of antimalarial drugs to parasitologically confirmed malaria cases in response to overuse of antimalarial drugs. Clinically diagnosis of malaria is based on the patient's signs and symptoms this method is fast but it lacks precision due to other diseases presenting with the same signs and symptoms like malaria hence not recommended as raised malaria prevalence.Malaria rapid diagnostic tests (mRDTs) have been presented as a means to realize the new guidelines for malaria parasitologically confirmed cases prior to initiating antimalarial drug therapy for mRDT positive patients.