The combined effects of global climate change and human activities on the degradation of natural resources, generate significant economic and social costs related to the consequences of these changes and the proposed remedies. To face this worrying situation, the integration of the environmental component to respond to sustainable agriculture and development is necessary. Watershed management is an important component of sustainable development, integrating the physical and human potential of the watershed. To achieve sustainable development, rational management of natural resources is required. Several scientific tools can be used to evaluate the proposed watershed management scenarios, such as the estimation of water flows and water erosion on slopes and in water reservoirs, as well as the concept of virtual water. This book presents a synthesis of some of the authors' research work.