This is a study of the Bible as the consciousness of biblical man. Living and life are reconstructed as indicators of the content-structural details of this consciousness: body-body, space-time, nature, law, righteousness--the human being and the world in relation to God are shown as phenomena of thinking, experiencing, will--in contrast to modern consciousness. The ethics of the Bible, the applicability of modern concepts to antiquity, the types of modernizations of antiquity and the ways of their reduction, the possibility of phenomenology in the sense of E. Husserl and its scientificity in religious studies, the disciplinary division of religious studies, religious studies and theology, the difference between science and non-science are discussed. The study may be of interest to religious scholars, philosophers, and lovers of antiquity.