This study evaluated the toxicity and antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus from the essential oils of Pimenta dioica Lindl. and Citrus sinensis L. The results indicate that the evaluated OE's are composed of substances that provide and encourage their application due to their potential for biological antimicrobial activity. Both OE's showed potential bactericides against the tested microorganisms, showing satisfactory results for their action. The results indicate that the evaluated OE's are composed of substances that provide and encourage their application due to their potential for biological antimicrobial activity. Both OE's showed potential bactericides against the tested microorganisms, showing satisfactory results for their action. The results indicate that the evaluated OE's are composed of substances that provide and encourage their application due to their potential for biological antimicrobial activity.