This study represents the first sustained investigation into the translations, published in the Hong Kong literary journal 'Literary Current Monthly Magazine' (1956-1959), of fictional works by Albert Camus, D H Lawrence, Jorge Luis Borges and other modernists. Special attention is paid to the active role these translations played in suggesting new directions for subsequent literary translation and fictional writing in Hong Kong. Drawing on the norms-based, polysystemic paradigm pioneered by Itamar Even-Zohar and Gideon Toury, this study provides a model that allows translation to come into view as a cultural practice that interacts with literary and ideological trends. This study combines close reading with institutional analysis in order to ask and answer questions about the relation between translation and ideology.