Terrorism remains a major threat to peace and security in the world today. Terrorist groups continue to spread terror and desolation among the population. The events of September 11, 2001 in New York and Washington marked an important turning point in the field of international terrorism. West Africa has not been spared from this scourge. There are a dozen Islamist terrorist groups operating in the region. This research work aims to provide insight into the mechanisms of the fight against terrorism in West Africa. To this end, we seek to understand how the response to the increasingly persistent jihadist threat is made, both at the level of the sub-regional organization and at the level of each state.