The contributions of this volume are concerned with transport phenomena in multimembrane systems and in simple epithelia. In addition to the very substan tial progress that has been made in the area of transport of fluid and solutes across artifical model membranes in vitro and across simple symmetrical cell membranes, much has been learned from studies of transport phenomena in multi membrane systems of higher complexity to be reviewed in this volume. It should be recalled that many of the fundamental conceptual and methodological problems of transport physiology have been successfully…mehr
The contributions of this volume are concerned with transport phenomena in multimembrane systems and in simple epithelia. In addition to the very substan tial progress that has been made in the area of transport of fluid and solutes across artifical model membranes in vitro and across simple symmetrical cell membranes, much has been learned from studies of transport phenomena in multi membrane systems of higher complexity to be reviewed in this volume. It should be recalled that many of the fundamental conceptual and methodological problems of transport physiology have been successfully approached and defin ed by studying simple epithelia in vitro, and that the direction that research has taken has been affected in a major way by the cellular transport models that have evolved from this approach. Since then striking progress has been made in several areas. Not only have we been witnessing a keen and productive interest in the realtionship between fine structure and transport behavior in multimem brane systems but significant advancements have also been made in defining individual active and passive transport operations, in analysing cell ion activities and transport pools, and in describing the differences in transport functions that underly the membrane asymmetry and cell polarization of cells subserving di rectional transport.Hinweis: Dieser Artikel kann nur an eine deutsche Lieferadresse ausgeliefert werden.
1 - Transport Across Multimembrane Systems.- A. Introduction.- B. Organization of Epithelia.- C. Sodium Entry Coupled with Transport of Organic Substances.- D. Exchange Diffusion and Counter-Transport Systems in Epithelial Transport.- E. Transport of Water.- F. Hormonal Effects on Epithelial Transport.- References.- 2 - Role of Tight Junctions in Epithelial Function.- A. Introduction.- B. Ultrastructure.- C. Epithelial Diversity and the Paracellular Pathway.- D. Molecular Organization.- E. Modification of Tight Junction Permeability.- F. Role of Junctional Permeability in Epithelial Transport.- References.- 3 - Morphological Correlates of Transport.- A. Introduction.- B. The Organization of Cytoplasm.- C. Pericellular Pathways.- D. The Cell Surface.- E. Conclusions.- Acknowledgements.- References.- 4 - Transport in Giant Plant Cells II - Freshwater Cells.- A. Introduction.- B. Active Transport Processes.- C. Intercellular Transport.- D. Control of Ionic Composition.- E. Excitability of Characean Cells.- References.- 5 - Ion Transport and Turgor Pressure Regulation in Giant Algal Cells.- A. Introduction.- B. Basic Elements of Turgor Regulation.- C. Experimental Methods of Measuring and Controlling Turgor Pressure.- D. Experimental Data on Osmotic Regulation.- E. Cellular Transport Properties Affected by Turgor Pressure.- F. Location and Nature of the Turgor-Pressure Transducer.- G. Relations between Turgor Regulation and other Controlled Processes.- H. Alternative Strategies for Controlling Turgor or Volume.- J. Conclusions and Aims for Future Work.- Acknowledgements.- Note Added in Proof.- References.- 6 - Transport Across Amphibian Skin.- A. Introduction: The Amphibian Skin as Experimental Object.- B. Anatomical Problems.- C. The Outer Barrier.- D. TheTransport Compartment.- E. The Internal Barrier.- F. The Potential Profile.- G. Chloride and Other Anions.- H. Hydrogen Ion Secretion.- J. Aldosterone and Molting.- K. Conclusions.- References.- 7 - Transport Across Amphibian Urinary Bladder.- A. Introduction.- B. Structure as Related to Function.- C. Electrical Properties.- D. Membrane Selectivity.- E. Active Sodium Transport.- F. Movement of Water and Other Nonelectrolytes: Effects of Vasopressing.- G. Effects of Other Hormones.- References.- 8 - Transport Across Insect Excretory Epithelia.- A. Introduction.- B. Malpighian Tubules.- C. Transport Processes in the Hindgut.- D. Transport Processes Important to Excretion in Other Epithelia.- E. Concluding Remarks.- References.- 9 - Transport Across Insect Gut Epithelium.- A. Introduction.- B. Transport of Uncharged Molecules by the Insect Intestine.- C. K-Pump of Cecropia.- D. Lag Time.- E. Uniformity of Gut.- References.- 10 - Transport in Eye Epithelia: The Cornea and Crystalline Lens.- A. Introduction and Morphology.- B. The Cornea.- C. The Crystalline Lens.- Acknowledgements.- References.- 11 - Transport in Eye Epithelia: Ciliary Epithelium and Retina Pigment Epithelium.- A. Introduction.- B. Ciliary Epithelium and Outflow Channels.- C. Retina Pigment Epithelium.- Acknowledgements.- References.- 12 - Ion Transport Across the Choroid Plexus.- A. Introduction.- B. The Experimental Approach.- C. Ion Fluxes Across the Epithelium.- D. Na-K-ATPase and Secretion.- E. The Intracellular Na and K Concentrations.- F. Potassium Transport Across the Apical Membrane.- G. Na and CI Fluxes Across the Apical Membrane.- H. Passive Permeation.- J. A Model for Ion Transport.- Acknowledgements.- References.- 13 - The Sweat Glands.- A. Introduction.- B. The Morphology of theSweat Glands.- C. The Vascularization of the Sweat Glands.- D. Innervation of the Sweat Glands.- E. Number of Sweat Glands.- F. Maximum Rate of Secretion.- G. Rate of Secretion from Individual Glands.- H. Ionic Composition of Sweat in Relation to Secretory Rate.- J. Mechnism of Secretion.- K. The Metabolism of the Sweat Glands.- L. Species Differences in Eccrine Sweat Gland Function.- References.- 14 - The Lacrimal Gland.- A. Introduction.- B. Tears.- C. Structure of the Lacrimal Gland.- D. Innervation of the Lacrimal Gland.- E. Ionic Composition of Lacrimal Gland Secretion in Relation to Secretory Rate.- F. Potassium Transient.- G. Mechanism of Secretion by the Lacrimal Gland.- References.
1 - Transport Across Multimembrane Systems.- A. Introduction.- B. Organization of Epithelia.- C. Sodium Entry Coupled with Transport of Organic Substances.- D. Exchange Diffusion and Counter-Transport Systems in Epithelial Transport.- E. Transport of Water.- F. Hormonal Effects on Epithelial Transport.- References.- 2 - Role of Tight Junctions in Epithelial Function.- A. Introduction.- B. Ultrastructure.- C. Epithelial Diversity and the Paracellular Pathway.- D. Molecular Organization.- E. Modification of Tight Junction Permeability.- F. Role of Junctional Permeability in Epithelial Transport.- References.- 3 - Morphological Correlates of Transport.- A. Introduction.- B. The Organization of Cytoplasm.- C. Pericellular Pathways.- D. The Cell Surface.- E. Conclusions.- Acknowledgements.- References.- 4 - Transport in Giant Plant Cells II - Freshwater Cells.- A. Introduction.- B. Active Transport Processes.- C. Intercellular Transport.- D. Control of Ionic Composition.- E. Excitability of Characean Cells.- References.- 5 - Ion Transport and Turgor Pressure Regulation in Giant Algal Cells.- A. Introduction.- B. Basic Elements of Turgor Regulation.- C. Experimental Methods of Measuring and Controlling Turgor Pressure.- D. Experimental Data on Osmotic Regulation.- E. Cellular Transport Properties Affected by Turgor Pressure.- F. Location and Nature of the Turgor-Pressure Transducer.- G. Relations between Turgor Regulation and other Controlled Processes.- H. Alternative Strategies for Controlling Turgor or Volume.- J. Conclusions and Aims for Future Work.- Acknowledgements.- Note Added in Proof.- References.- 6 - Transport Across Amphibian Skin.- A. Introduction: The Amphibian Skin as Experimental Object.- B. Anatomical Problems.- C. The Outer Barrier.- D. TheTransport Compartment.- E. The Internal Barrier.- F. The Potential Profile.- G. Chloride and Other Anions.- H. Hydrogen Ion Secretion.- J. Aldosterone and Molting.- K. Conclusions.- References.- 7 - Transport Across Amphibian Urinary Bladder.- A. Introduction.- B. Structure as Related to Function.- C. Electrical Properties.- D. Membrane Selectivity.- E. Active Sodium Transport.- F. Movement of Water and Other Nonelectrolytes: Effects of Vasopressing.- G. Effects of Other Hormones.- References.- 8 - Transport Across Insect Excretory Epithelia.- A. Introduction.- B. Malpighian Tubules.- C. Transport Processes in the Hindgut.- D. Transport Processes Important to Excretion in Other Epithelia.- E. Concluding Remarks.- References.- 9 - Transport Across Insect Gut Epithelium.- A. Introduction.- B. Transport of Uncharged Molecules by the Insect Intestine.- C. K-Pump of Cecropia.- D. Lag Time.- E. Uniformity of Gut.- References.- 10 - Transport in Eye Epithelia: The Cornea and Crystalline Lens.- A. Introduction and Morphology.- B. The Cornea.- C. The Crystalline Lens.- Acknowledgements.- References.- 11 - Transport in Eye Epithelia: Ciliary Epithelium and Retina Pigment Epithelium.- A. Introduction.- B. Ciliary Epithelium and Outflow Channels.- C. Retina Pigment Epithelium.- Acknowledgements.- References.- 12 - Ion Transport Across the Choroid Plexus.- A. Introduction.- B. The Experimental Approach.- C. Ion Fluxes Across the Epithelium.- D. Na-K-ATPase and Secretion.- E. The Intracellular Na and K Concentrations.- F. Potassium Transport Across the Apical Membrane.- G. Na and CI Fluxes Across the Apical Membrane.- H. Passive Permeation.- J. A Model for Ion Transport.- Acknowledgements.- References.- 13 - The Sweat Glands.- A. Introduction.- B. The Morphology of theSweat Glands.- C. The Vascularization of the Sweat Glands.- D. Innervation of the Sweat Glands.- E. Number of Sweat Glands.- F. Maximum Rate of Secretion.- G. Rate of Secretion from Individual Glands.- H. Ionic Composition of Sweat in Relation to Secretory Rate.- J. Mechnism of Secretion.- K. The Metabolism of the Sweat Glands.- L. Species Differences in Eccrine Sweat Gland Function.- References.- 14 - The Lacrimal Gland.- A. Introduction.- B. Tears.- C. Structure of the Lacrimal Gland.- D. Innervation of the Lacrimal Gland.- E. Ionic Composition of Lacrimal Gland Secretion in Relation to Secretory Rate.- F. Potassium Transient.- G. Mechanism of Secretion by the Lacrimal Gland.- References.
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