Katherine Baird, an economist, clearly spells out how our educational system is trapped in mediocrity. She points the direction to where we need to go to get out of the trap and carefully examines each factor that has lead to the current state in education.
Katherine Baird, an economist, clearly spells out how our educational system is trapped in mediocrity. She points the direction to where we need to go to get out of the trap and carefully examines each factor that has lead to the current state in education.
Preface Perspective of the Book How We Compare Measuring Student Outcomes Plan of the Book PART I: Setting the Stage Chapter 1: A Historical and Comparative Perspective on the United State's Educational System A Brief History of Educational Governance and Policy in America Comparison of Contemporary Education Policy in the United States with Other Countries Centralization Vocational Education Organization Chapter 2: Just How Low Are Our Educational Standards? What Do We Mean by Educational Standards? Educational Standards as Reflected in Stated Objective Educational Requirements and the Educational Environment How Hard is it To Succeed in School? Curriculum and Demands in the Classroom Expectations of Student Performance PART II: Why Low Standards Matter Chapter 3: The Consequences of Low Expectations on Student Effort Low Expectations Cause Low Effort Mixed Messages No One to the Rescue Curricular Tracks and Beliefs Chapter 4: Low Standards Compromise Higher Education's Mission College Preparation and the Growing Reliance on Remedial Classes College Standards Unrealistic Expectations: College Dropouts Chapter 5: Reduced Productivity and Increased Wage Disparities Wages and Wage Inequality National Income and Economic Growth Chapter 6: Low Standards Harm Those We Think Are Helped Educational Outputs Educational Inputs: Uneven School Quality Class and Curriculum Why and How Curriculum Matters Importance of Classes Information and Expectations Summing It Up PART III: Why Low Educational Standards Persist Chapter 7: The Tyranny of Too Many Voices or "Too Many Cooks Spoil the Broth" Local Control and Educational Standards Local Control and Educational Standards: A Theory Local Control and Educational Standards: Practice Schools From An Organizational Perspective The Organization of Schools Poor Coordination and Inconsistency Plausible Deniability Symbolic Compliance Lack of Uniformity Chapter 8: Exit, Voice and the "Something for Everyone" Curriculum Why Rising Demand for a High Quality Education is Consistent with Low Expectations Private Schools Location as a Form of Exit Parental Pressure as a Form of Exit Exit Through Coursework Chapter 9: Soft America Meets Hard America: The Perceived High Costs and Low Benefits of High Expectations The High Cost of Failing to Meet Graduation Standards in the United States Higher Education and the Economics of Second Chances PART IV: The Way Forward Chapter 10: Getting From Here to There Reforming Our Governance Structure School Choice High Expectations Adequate Support for Meeting High Expectations Curriculum Teachers Schools, the Achievement Gap, and Funding Social Policy Stronger Student Incentives for Hard Work The K-12 Higher Education Gap Vocational Education Putting It All Together Epilogue References Index
Preface Perspective of the Book How We Compare Measuring Student Outcomes Plan of the Book PART I: Setting the Stage Chapter 1: A Historical and Comparative Perspective on the United State's Educational System A Brief History of Educational Governance and Policy in America Comparison of Contemporary Education Policy in the United States with Other Countries Centralization Vocational Education Organization Chapter 2: Just How Low Are Our Educational Standards? What Do We Mean by Educational Standards? Educational Standards as Reflected in Stated Objective Educational Requirements and the Educational Environment How Hard is it To Succeed in School? Curriculum and Demands in the Classroom Expectations of Student Performance PART II: Why Low Standards Matter Chapter 3: The Consequences of Low Expectations on Student Effort Low Expectations Cause Low Effort Mixed Messages No One to the Rescue Curricular Tracks and Beliefs Chapter 4: Low Standards Compromise Higher Education's Mission College Preparation and the Growing Reliance on Remedial Classes College Standards Unrealistic Expectations: College Dropouts Chapter 5: Reduced Productivity and Increased Wage Disparities Wages and Wage Inequality National Income and Economic Growth Chapter 6: Low Standards Harm Those We Think Are Helped Educational Outputs Educational Inputs: Uneven School Quality Class and Curriculum Why and How Curriculum Matters Importance of Classes Information and Expectations Summing It Up PART III: Why Low Educational Standards Persist Chapter 7: The Tyranny of Too Many Voices or "Too Many Cooks Spoil the Broth" Local Control and Educational Standards Local Control and Educational Standards: A Theory Local Control and Educational Standards: Practice Schools From An Organizational Perspective The Organization of Schools Poor Coordination and Inconsistency Plausible Deniability Symbolic Compliance Lack of Uniformity Chapter 8: Exit, Voice and the "Something for Everyone" Curriculum Why Rising Demand for a High Quality Education is Consistent with Low Expectations Private Schools Location as a Form of Exit Parental Pressure as a Form of Exit Exit Through Coursework Chapter 9: Soft America Meets Hard America: The Perceived High Costs and Low Benefits of High Expectations The High Cost of Failing to Meet Graduation Standards in the United States Higher Education and the Economics of Second Chances PART IV: The Way Forward Chapter 10: Getting From Here to There Reforming Our Governance Structure School Choice High Expectations Adequate Support for Meeting High Expectations Curriculum Teachers Schools, the Achievement Gap, and Funding Social Policy Stronger Student Incentives for Hard Work The K-12 Higher Education Gap Vocational Education Putting It All Together Epilogue References Index
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