Rules and procedures are key features for a modern organization to function. It is no surprise to see them to be paramount in safety management. As some sociologists argue, routine and rule following is not always socially resented. It can bring people comfort and reduce anxieties of newness and uncertainty. Facing constant unexpected events entails fatigue and exhaustion. There is also no doubt that proceduralization and documented activities have brought progress, avoided recurrent mistakes and allowed for 'best practices' to be adopted. However, it seems that the exclusive and intensive use of procedures today is in fact a threat to new progress in safety. There is an urgent need to consider this issue because there is doubt that the path chosen by many hazardous industries and activities is the most effective, safety wise, considering the safety level achieved today. As soon as safety is involved, there seems to be an irresistible push towards a wider scope of norms, procedures and processes, whatever the context implied. This book is not a plea against proceduralization, but it does take the view that it is time to reassess how far it can still go and to what benefit. Underlying these questions, there is a growing suspicion that the path taken might in fact lead to a dead end, unless the concept of procedure and the conditions under which these procedures are developed are revisited.
'Procedures are by some seen as a panacea for all safety problems, while others realise that they are a double-edged solution that hinders as much as it helps. The book provides a refreshing analysis of the basic practical and theoretical issues, and is a valuable reference for people who recognise the difference between working to rule and working safely.' Erik Hollnagel, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark 'This collection should be required reading for those who design and implement procedural strategies for managing risk across a broad range of complex socio-technical activities. The essays make a major contribution to our understanding of how overly detailed and specific procedural rules may raise new problems and risks as their volume and formalization increase, limiting discretion and impeding learning from mistakes or errors.' Professor Emeritus Gene Rochlin, University of California, Berkeley, USA 'If you are involved in the development and implementation of procedures, this is a book to read. It is not a guideline how to deal with the problem of realising safety and proceduralization. It provides an overview of the history of the development of procedures, the interaction of culture with procedures, and some of the effects procedures can have on the execution of tasks and the realisation of safety. As such it is a major contribution in understanding the delicate relationship between rules and procedures, the development of expertise, and the contribution of this to safety.' Newsletter of the Europe Chapter of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, no. 2 / 2013 'Overall then, Trapping Safety into Rules makes an important contribution to the field of safety science and area of procedures and safety management. I would recommend it to those researchers and practitioners working in the areas of safety management, procedure development and assessment, accident causation analysis, and also to those working in the broader areas of safety c