This book follows the interaction of"double-voicing" and "double-consciousness" in NativeAmerican literary history. It begins with thesurviving records from the time of colonial contactand ends with works by Leslie Marmon Silko and ThomasKing, two contemporary authors of the Native AmericanLiterary Renaissance."Double-voicing" is a common feature found in manyworks preserved by early anthropologists from variousNative American oral traditions. However, aftercolonial contact this feature largely disappears fromliterary works written by Native American authors,when it is replaced by the societal condition"double-consciousness." With the revitalization ofcultural knowledge in the mid-twentieth-century,Native authors also revitalize their rhetoricaltechniques in their writing and the "double-voice"feature re-emerges coupled with a biculturalawareness that is carried over from"double-consciousness."