The study is based on a factual presentation of North, South and East Tyrol. The basis of the considerations is the pedagogical endeavor of political education in the context of (contemporary) history. Tyrol's history in the 20th century requires a review and its political culture. As a federal state of the Republic of Austria, Tyrol cannot be understood without the national and international framework conditions between 1918 and 1938. The decisions of 1918/1919 influenced the development of the entire 20th century. As a "land in the mountains", the question of the future in the Alpine region is an essential issue for political education.