Lom Pangar project is a thrilling example, where different project phases have been relayed. But then, the complexity of the project itself, the environment of insertion, and the documentary vacuum related to the master of the understanding of the contours of the monitoring and the environmental monitoring of the projects in an African context and more in the border of the Congo Basin, further justifies the raison to be of this draft Book. Through the deployment of three chapters, the book highlights the conceptual approach of defining the strategic axes of understanding and resolution of the problem, the description of the use of project surveillance/control and environmental monitoring tools, the definition of an approach to the design of surveillance and environmental monitoring programs, the critical and evaluative analysis of the legal environment, and the strategic ways of solving or anticipating social conflicts for a better social integration of major projects in Africa. This book is address to environmental engineer, project owner, project manager and contractor, civil engineer, and all those who deploy their selves through projects in order to improve the livelihoods.