Arnold Naiman, Gene Zirkel, Robert Rosenfeld

Understanding Statistics

• Broschiertes Buch

Produktbeschreibung

This brief, 2-color softcover text is a thorough but lighthearted introduction to the basics of statistics. The authors stress what statistics is used for, with a well organized approach rooted in concrete examples. They do a superior job of explaining the structure of a hypothesis test, by presenting a consistent approach and stressing the relationship between sample and population throughout the text.

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: McGraw Hill LLC
• Revised
• Seitenzahl: 416
• Erscheinungstermin: Dezember 1995
• Englisch
• Abmessung: 232mm x 188mm x 22mm
• Gewicht: 830g
• ISBN-13: 9780070459151
• ISBN-10: 0070459150
• Artikelnr.: 21444722

Inhaltsangabe

PREFACE
CHAPTER 1: Introduction
1-1 Statistics in Everyday Life
1-2 Some Statistical Terms
1-3 Approximate Numbers
Study Aids
Chapter Summary
Vocabulary
Exercises
Class Survey
Class Survey Questions
Field Projects
Class Experiments
CHAPTER 2: Common Statistical Measures
2-1 Measures of Central Tendency
2-2 Symbols and Formulas
Exercises
2-3 Measures of Variability
2-3-1The Range
2-3-2 The Standard Deviation
2-3-3 Formulas
Exercises
2-4 Some Measures of an Individual in a Population
2-4-1 z-Scores
2-4-2 Percentile Rank and Percentiles
2-4-3 Quartiles
Exercises
2-5 Rates
Study Aids
Chapter Summary
Vocabulary
Symbols
Formulas
Exercises
Class Survey Questions
Field Projects
Class Experiment
CHAPTER 3: Frequency Tables and Graphs
Goals
3-1 Organizing the Data
3-1-1 Stem-and-Leaf Display
3-1-2 Frequency Tables
3-1-3 Bar Graphs and Histograms
3-1-4 Reading Histrograms
3-2 Percentile Rank, z-Scores and Graphs
Study Aids
Chapter Summary
Symbols
Formulas
Exercises
Class Survey Questions
Field Projects
Class Experiments
Sample Test for Chapters 1, 2, and 3
CHAPTER 4: Probability
Goals
4-1 Probability
4-2 Probability and Histograms
Study Aids
Chapter Summary
Symbols
Formulas
Exercises
Class Survey Questions
Field Projects
CHAPTER 5: The Binomial Distribution
5-1 Variables
5-2 Binomial Random Variables
Study Aids
Chapter Summary
Symbols
Exercises
Class Survey Questions
Class Experiments
5-3 Binomial Probability Tables
CHAPTER 6: The Normal Distribution
Goals
6-1 Binomial Histograms
6-2 The Theoretical Normal Curve
6-2-1 Use of the Normal Curve Table
6-2-2 The Normal Curve Table and Raw Scores
Study Aids
Chapter Summary
Vocabulary
Symbols
Exercises
Class Survey Questions
Class Experiments
CHAPTER 7: Approximation of the Binomial Distribution by Use of the Normal
Distribution
Goals
7-1 The Normal Approximation to the Binomial Distribution
7-2 Conditions for Approximating a Binomial Distribution by Use of a Normal
Distribution
Study Aids
Chapter Summary
Symbols
Formulas
Exercises
Class Survey Questions
Field Project
Class Experiments
Sample Test for Chapters 4, 5, 6, and 7
CHAPTER 8: Hypothesis Testing: One-Sample Test of Percentages in Binomial
Experiments
Goals
8-1 Statistical Hypotheses
8-1-1 Testing the Null Hypothesis
8-1-2 One-Trail and Two-Tail Alternative Hypotheses
8-1-3 Decision Rules
8-2 Statistical Errors
Exercises
8-3 More about Type I Errors and Decision Rules
Exercises
8-4 More about Type II Errors (Optional)
8-4-1 Calculating a Value for B for a Given p
8-4-2 The Power of a Test
Exercises
8-5 Hypothesis - Testing Procedures
Study Aids
Chapter Summary
Vocabulary
Symbols
Formulas
Exercises
A Brief Summary of a Hypothesis Test
Exercises
Class Survey Questions
Field Projects
Example of a Field Project
Solution for This Project
Suggested Projects
CHAPTER 9: Hypothesis Testing: Two-Sample Tests of Percentages in Binomial
Experiments
Goals
9-1 Symbols for Estimates
9-2 A Distribution of Differences
9-3 Two-Sample Binomial Hypotheses Tests
Study Aids
Chapter Summary
Symbols
Formulas
Exercises
Class Survey Question
Field Projects
Example of a Two-Sample Binomial Field Project
CHAPTER 10: Hypothesis Testing with Sample Means: Large Samples
Goals
10-1 Sample Means
10-1-1 Theoretical Distribution of Sample Means
10-1-2 Central Limit Theorem
10-1-3 Estimating the Standard Deviation of a Distribution of Sample Means
Exercises
10-2 Two-Sample Tests of Means - Large Samples
Study Aids
Chapter Summary
Vocabulary
Symbols
Formulas
Exercises
Class Survey Questions
Field Projects
Class Experiments
CHAPTER 11: Hypothesis Testing with Sample Means: Small Samples
Goals
11-1 Student's t-Distribution
Exercises
11-2 Two-Sample t-Tests
Exercises
11-3 A t-Test for Paired Differences, Matched-Pair Designs
Study Aids
Chapter Summary
Vocabulary
Symbols
Formulas
Exercises
Class Survey Question
Field Project
Class Experiment
Sample Test for Chapters 8, 9, 10, and 11
CHAPTER 12: Confidence Intervals
Goals
12-1 Confidence Intervals for Proportions in Binomial Experiments
Exercises
12-2 Confidence Intervals for Means Based on Large-Samples
Exercises
12-3 Confidence Intervals for Means Based on Small-Samples
Exercises
12-4 Two-Sample Confidence Intervals for Differences
12-4-1 Differences between Two Proportions
12-4-2 Differences between Two Means
Study Aids
Chapter Summary
Vocabulary
Formulas
Exercises
Class Survey Question
Field Projects
CHAPTER 13: Chi Square
Goals
13-1 Chi Square Tests of Independence
13-2 Degrees of Freedom in a Contingency Table
13-3 A Shorter Way to Compute X 2
13-4 2 by 2 Contingency Tables
13-5 Goodness of Fit Test
Study Aids
Chapter Summary
Guidelines for a Chi-Square Test
Vocabulary
Symbols
Formulas
Exercises
Class Survey Questions
Field Projects
Sample Test For Chapters 12 and 13
CHAPTER 14: Correlation and Prediction
Goals
14-1 Correlation Coefficients
Exercises
14-2 Testing the Significance of r
Exercises
14-3 Prediction Based on Linear Correlation
14-3-1 Interpretation of b
14-4 The Coefficient of Determination
Study Aids
Chapter Summary
Vocabulary
Symbols
Formulas
Exercises
Class Survey Questions
Field Project
Class Experiments
CHAPTER 15: Tests Involving Variance
Goals
Introduction
15-1 One-Sample Tests of Variance
15-2 Two-Sample Comparisons of Variance (via the F-test)
15-2-1 One-Tail Tests for Comparison of Variance
15-2-2 Two-Tail Tests for Comparison of Variance
15-3 Using Sample Variances to Make Inferences About Means - An
Introduction to the Analysis of Variance
Study Aids
Chapter Summary
Vocabulary
Symbols
Formulas
Exercises
Class Survey Question
Field Projects
CHAPTER 16: Nonparametric Tests
Goals
16-1 The Sign Test for Matched Pairs of Data
Exercises
16-2 The Runs Test for Randomness
Exercises
16-3 The Mann-Whitney U-Test for Comparison of Ranks
16-3-1 Small-Sample, One-Tail Tests
16-3-2 Small-Sample, Two-Tail Tests
16-3-3 Large-Sample Tests
16-3-4 The Case of Ties
Study Aids
Chapter Summary
Vocabulary
Symbols
Formulas
Exercises
Class Survey Questions
Field Project
Sample Test for Chapters 14, 15, and 16
APPENDICES
A Arithmetic Review
B Using A Random Digit Table
C Probability
D Tables
ANSWERS
INDEX