State-sponsored torture is the most unequivocally condemned practice around the world. Yet, prosecuting torture remains controversial – especially when it comes to bringing the political elite of regimes to justice. Proceedings against high-ranking public officials involved in torture continue to fail both in their home countries and abroad. The result is often impunity. This study examines the political, legal and practical obstacles that have so far limited the effectiveness of universal jurisdiction in tackling this impunity gap. By looking at high-profile trials against controversial figures (e.g. Pinochet, Zardad, Habré), it explores how universal jurisdiction can strengthen the framework of international legal accountability for torture. This book is an essential tool for understanding the regime of universal jurisdiction under the UN Torture Convention. It will be of interest to legal practitioners, academia, public officials and NGOs involved in the promotion of human rights.