The task of counter-hegemonic groups is the development of counter-institutions, ideologies, and cultures that provide an ethical alternative to the dominant hegemony, a lived experience of how the world can be different. The entry point in terms of individual consciousness is the disjuncture between received versions of reality and lived contradictions" (Lather, 1984, 55-56). Racism and its effects continue to forcefully impact American society. Efforts to combat racism have almost always addressed the issue and problems from the perspective of the groups affected by discriminatory policies and practices. However, during the last decade of the twentieth century, there was an increasing interest within several disciplines in foregrounding, interrogating, and rearticulating "whiteness." Within the disciplines of sociology, speech communication, cultural studies, critical race theory, and education, discourses have emerged to look at racism not from the perspective of the "other" but from the perspective of whiteness and white privilege. There have been strident calls for an analysis of whiteness as a racialized category and for an examination of how whiteness has (mis)shaped knowledge production in American culture (Keating, 1995).
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