Heterocyclic compounds have been explored for their different methods of synthesis by scientific community particularly organic and medicinal chemists because they are present in the clinically used drugs having broad spectrum of pharmacological activities. In this book, sincere efforts have been made for better understanding of structure, chemical reactivity, methods of synthesis and spectral patterns of some five-membered heterocyclic compounds based on recent updates in this research area. Vital information on chemistry and novel methods of synthesis related to oxadiazole, thiadiazole, pyrazole, furan, isoxazole, oxazole, pyrrole, thiazole, imidazole and triazole as five membered heterocyclic nucleus has been compiled in this book in scientific manner. It is pertinent to mention here that this valuable information may be found useful for the researchers to explore more efficient methods of synthesis of five membered heterocyclic compounds for future.