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Biotechnology represents a major area of research focus, and many universities are developing academic programs in the field. This guide to biomanufacturing contains carefully selected articles from Wiley s Encyclopedia of Industrial Biotechnology, Bioprocess, Bioseparation, and Cell Technology as well as new articles (80 in all,) and features the same breadth and quality of coverage and clarity of presentation found in the original. For instructors, advanced students, and those involved in regulatory compliance, this two-volume desk reference offers an accessible and comprehensive resource.
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Biotechnology represents a major area of research focus, and many universities are developing academic programs in the field. This guide to biomanufacturing contains carefully selected articles from Wiley s Encyclopedia of Industrial Biotechnology, Bioprocess, Bioseparation, and Cell Technology as well as new articles (80 in all,) and features the same breadth and quality of coverage and clarity of presentation found in the original. For instructors, advanced students, and those involved in regulatory compliance, this two-volume desk reference offers an accessible and comprehensive resource.
Hinweis: Dieser Artikel kann nur an eine deutsche Lieferadresse ausgeliefert werden.
Hinweis: Dieser Artikel kann nur an eine deutsche Lieferadresse ausgeliefert werden.
Produktdetails
- Produktdetails
- Verlag: Wiley & Sons
- Artikelnr. des Verlages: 1W118131230
- 1. Auflage
- Seitenzahl: 1854
- Erscheinungstermin: 4. März 2013
- Englisch
- Abmessung: 284mm x 220mm x 93mm
- Gewicht: 4570g
- ISBN-13: 9781118131237
- ISBN-10: 1118131231
- Artikelnr.: 36271376
- Herstellerkennzeichnung
- Libri GmbH
- Europaallee 1
- 36244 Bad Hersfeld
- 06621 890
- Verlag: Wiley & Sons
- Artikelnr. des Verlages: 1W118131230
- 1. Auflage
- Seitenzahl: 1854
- Erscheinungstermin: 4. März 2013
- Englisch
- Abmessung: 284mm x 220mm x 93mm
- Gewicht: 4570g
- ISBN-13: 9781118131237
- ISBN-10: 1118131231
- Artikelnr.: 36271376
- Herstellerkennzeichnung
- Libri GmbH
- Europaallee 1
- 36244 Bad Hersfeld
- 06621 890
Editor-in-Chief, Dr. Michael C. Flickinger is the Associate Director for Academic Programs of the Golden LEAF Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center (BTEC) and a Professor of Microbiology and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering at North Carolina State University, Raleigh. Dr. Flickinger was Director of the University of Minnesota's Institute for Advanced Studies in Biological Process Technology, which was later renamed the Biotechnology Institute ), and a Professor of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics at the University of Minnesota, St. Paul. Prior to coming to Minnesota Dr. Flickinger was Director of the Fermentation Program at the National Cancer Institute in Frederick, Maryland. Dr. Flickinger received his academic training at the University of Wisconsin, Madison.?(B.S.?(1973) in microbial biochemistry;? M.S. (1975) and Ph.D.?(1977) in pharmaceutical biochemistry.)? He did his postdoctoral work at the Laboratory for Renewable Resources Engineering? in the School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University. He is Editor-in-Chief of the Encyclopedia of Industrial Biotechnology (Wiley, 2010) and Co-Editor of the Encyclopedia of Bioprocess Technology: Fermentation, Biocatalysis and Bioseparation (Wiley, 1999).
VOLUME I: EXPRESSION SYSTEMS & PROCESS DEVELOPMENT
PREFACE xi
CONTRIBUTORS xiii
PART I INTRODUCTION 3
PART II INDUSTRIAL CELL GROWTH AND GENE EXPRESSION SYSTEMS 7
1 Animal Cells, Suspension Culture 9
John R. Birch
2 Baculovirus Expression Systems 19
Robert D. Possee, Richard B. Hitchman, and Linda A. King
3 Baculovirus Kinetics, Insect Culture 33
Leslie Chan, Steve Reid, and Lars Keld Nielsen
4 Cell Culture, Aseptic Techniques 49
John M. Davis and Kevin L. Shade
5 Cell Cycle in Bioprocesses 71
Mariam Naciri and Mohamed Al-rubeai
6 Cell Growth and Protein Expression Kinetics 85
Dhinakar S. Kompala
7 Cell Viability Measurement 97
Ning Wei and Benjamin Sommer
8 Contamination Detection in Animal Cell Culture 105
Carol Mclean and Colin Harbour
9 Culture Collections and Biological Resource Centers (BRCs) 131
David Smith
10 Culture Preservation 153
Robert L. Gherna
11 Expression and Secretion of Heterologous Proteins, Bacillus and Other
Gram-Positive Bacteria 163
Boyke Bunk, Rebekka Biedendieck, Dieter Jahn, and Patricia S. Vary
12 Gene Expression in Human Cells 181
Marco A. Cacciuttolo, Gene Lee, John Chon, and John Lewis
13 Gene expression in Pichia and other methylotroph yeast 195
Koti Sreekrishna
14 Gene Expression in Recombinant Animal Cells and Transgenic Animals 213
Richard M. Twyman and Bruce Whitelaw
15 Inoculum Expansion Methods, Animal Cell Lines 297
Claudia Kloth, Glenn Maclsaac, Haile Ghebremariam, and Alahari Arunakumari
16 Insect Cell Culture 311
Someet Narang, Erik M. Whiteley, Sunyia Hussain, and Michael J. Betenbaugh
17 Kinetics of Microbial Growth 331
Nicolai S. Panikov
18 Microalgae, Mass Culture Methods 371
Emílio Molina Grima, Jose María Fernández Sevilla, and Francisco Gabriel
Acién Fernández
19 Microbial Growth Measurement 399
Arthur L. Koch
20 Microbial Media Composition 413
Rosalie J. Cote
21 Microscopic Characterization of Cells 437
Erwin Huebner
22 Mycoplasma Contamination of Cell Cultures 467
Cord C. Uphoff and Hans G. Drexler
23 Protein Glycosylation: Analysis, Characterization, and Engineering 489
Mikael R. Andersen, Jong Hyun Nam, and Susan T. Sharfstein
24 Secretion of Heterologous Proteins, Gram Positive Bacteria 543
Eric Morello, Isabelle Poquet, Philippe Langella
25 Soluble Protein Expression in Bacteria 557
Catherine H. Schein
PART III MEDIA, CELL LINES AND PROCESS DEVELOPMENT 579
26 Animal Cell Culture Media 581
Natarajan Vijayasankaran, Jincai Li, Robert Shawley, Aaron Chen, Masaru
Shiratori, Martin Gawlitzek, Feng Li, Robert Kiss, and Ashraf Amanullah
27 Animal Cell Culture, Effects of Osmolality and Temperature 599
James C. Warren and Shyamsundar Subramanian
28 Animal Cell Stability 617
Martin S. Sinacore, Timothy S. Charlebois, Denis Drapeau, Mark Leonard,
Scott Harrison, and S. Robert Adamson
29 Animal Cell Types, Hybridomas 635
K. Heilmann and B. Micheel
30 Antibody Production, Human Recombinant 645
Stefan Dübel
31 Antifoams and Pluronic Polyols, Cell Protection 663
David W. Murhammer
32 Biominiaturization of Bioreactors 669
Michael A. Hanson and Govind Rao
33 Inoculum Preparation 699
Craig J.L. Gershater
34 Microcarrier Culture 711
Susan T. Sharfstein and Christian Kaisermayer
35 Monoclonal Antibody Production, Cell Lines 733
Julia F. Markusen and David K. Robinson
36 Plant Cell Culture, Laboratory Techniques 747
Mark Richard Fowler
37 Scale-Up of Biotechnological Processes 759
Marko Zlokarnik
VOLUME II: EQUIPMENT, PROCESS DESIGN, SENSING, CONTROL, AND cGMP OPERATIONS
PREFACE ix
CONTRIBUTORS xi
PART IV BIOREACTOR DESIGN, ENGINEERING, PROCESS SENSING AND CONTROL 789
38 Aeration, Mixing, and Hydrodynamics in Animal Cell Bioreactors 791
Ruben Godoy-Silva, Claudia Berdugo, and Jeffrey J. Chalmers
39 Biocatalytic Membrane Reactors 821
Lidietta Giorno and Enrico Drioli
40 Bioreactor Scale-Down 847
Laura A. Palomares, Alvaro R. Lara, and Octavio T. Ramírez
41 Bioreactor Scale-Up 863
Laura A. Palomares and Octavio T. Ramírez
42 Bioreactors: Airlift Reactors 887
J.C. Merchuk and F. Garcia Camacho
43 Bioreactors, Continuous Culture of Plant Cells 955
H.J.G. Ten Hoopen
44 Bioreactors, Fluidized-Bed 963
Winfried Storhas
45 Bioreactors, Gas-Treatment 979
Graham Andrews and William Apel
46 Bioreactors, Perfusion 995
Wei Wen Su
47 Bioreactors: Rotating Biological Contactors 1013
Susana Cortez, Pilar Teixeira, Rosário Oliveira, and Manuel Mota
48 Bioreactors, Stirred Tank for Culture of Plant Cells 1031
Pauline M. Doran
49 Cell Immobilization, Engineering Aspects 1069
Ronnie Willaert
50 Fermenter/Bioreactor Design 1101
Marvin Charles and Jack Wilson
51 Gas-Holdup in Bioreactors 1137
Christian Sieblist and Andreas Lübbert
52 Immobilization of Proteins and Enzymes, Mesoporous Supports 1147
Martin Hartmann and Dirk Jung
53 Immobilized Cells 1179
Manojlovic Verica, Bugarski Branko, and Nedovic Viktor
54 Immobilized Enzymes 1201
Jose M. Guisan, Lorena Betancor, and Gloria Fernandez-Lorente
55 Impeller Selection, Animal Cell Culture 1219
Alvin W. Nienow
56 Mammalian Cell Bioreactors 1233
Weichang Zhou, Gargi Seth, Maria J. Guardia, and Wei-Shou Hu
57 Mammalian Cell Culture Reactors, Scale-Up 1245
J. Bryan Griffiths
58 Mass Transfer 1261
Yusuf Chisti
59 Oxygen Transfer Rate Determination Methods 1303
Felix Garcia-Ochoa and Emilio Gomez
60 Photobioreactors 1327
Mario R. Tredici, Graziella Chini Zittelli and Liliana Rodolfi
61 Rheological Behavior of Fermentation Fluids 1347
Colin R. Thomas and Grainne L. Riley
62 Rheology of Filamentous Microorganisms, Submerged Culture 1359
Maria Papagianni
63 Sampling and Sample Handling for Process Control 1377
Bo Mattiasson and Martin Hedström
64 Solid State Fermentation, Kinetics 1387
David A. Mitchell, Deidre M. Stuart, and Robert D. Tanner
65 Solid Substrate Fermentation, Automation 1413
Mario Fernández-fernández and J. Ricardo Pérez-correa
66 Stainless Steels 1427
C.P. Dillon
67 Static Mixing, Fermentation Processes 1435
Radu Z. Tudose and Maria Gavrilescu
68 Transfer Phenomena in Multiphase Systems 1451
Rodica-Viorica Roman
PART V PROCESS ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGIES (PAT) 1469
69 Bioprocess and Fermentation Monitoring 1471
Michael Pohlscheidt, Salim Charaniya, Marco Jenzsch, Christopher Bork, Tim
L. Noetzel, and Andreas Luebbert
70 Flow Injection Analysis in Industrial Biotechnology 1493
Elo Harald Hansen and Manuel Miró
71 Fluorescence Techniques for Bioprocess Monitoring 1511
Fabienne Anton, Carsten Lindemann, Bernd Hitzmann, Kenneth F. Reardon, and
Thomas Scheper
72 Off-Line Analysis in Animal Cell Culture 1523
Heino Büntemeyer
73 Process Analytical Technology: Strategies for Biopharmaceuticals 1543
Anurag S. Rathore and Gautam Kapoor
74 Vent Gas Analysis 1567
David Pollard and Jens Christensen
PART VI UPSTREAM cGMP OPERATIONS 1585
75 Antibody Manufacture, Disposable Systems 1587
Regine Eibl and Dieter Eibl
76 Bioreactor Operations 1595
David R. Gray
77 Bioreactors, Cell Culture, Commercial Production 1635
Tan-Che Zhou, Wen-Wen Zhou, Weiwei Hu, and Jian-Jiang Zhong
78 Biotransformation, Process Optimization 1665
Lutz Hilterhaus, Andreas Liese, and Udo Kragl
79 Foam Formation and Control in Bioreactors 1679
Frank Delvigne and Jean-Paul Lecomte
80 Pilot Plants, Design and Operation 1695
Beth H. Junker
81 Shear Sensitivity 1719
Yusuf Chisti
82 Sterilization and Decontamination, Bioprocess Equipment 1763
Peter L. Roberts
INDEX 1781
PREFACE xi
CONTRIBUTORS xiii
PART I INTRODUCTION 3
PART II INDUSTRIAL CELL GROWTH AND GENE EXPRESSION SYSTEMS 7
1 Animal Cells, Suspension Culture 9
John R. Birch
2 Baculovirus Expression Systems 19
Robert D. Possee, Richard B. Hitchman, and Linda A. King
3 Baculovirus Kinetics, Insect Culture 33
Leslie Chan, Steve Reid, and Lars Keld Nielsen
4 Cell Culture, Aseptic Techniques 49
John M. Davis and Kevin L. Shade
5 Cell Cycle in Bioprocesses 71
Mariam Naciri and Mohamed Al-rubeai
6 Cell Growth and Protein Expression Kinetics 85
Dhinakar S. Kompala
7 Cell Viability Measurement 97
Ning Wei and Benjamin Sommer
8 Contamination Detection in Animal Cell Culture 105
Carol Mclean and Colin Harbour
9 Culture Collections and Biological Resource Centers (BRCs) 131
David Smith
10 Culture Preservation 153
Robert L. Gherna
11 Expression and Secretion of Heterologous Proteins, Bacillus and Other
Gram-Positive Bacteria 163
Boyke Bunk, Rebekka Biedendieck, Dieter Jahn, and Patricia S. Vary
12 Gene Expression in Human Cells 181
Marco A. Cacciuttolo, Gene Lee, John Chon, and John Lewis
13 Gene expression in Pichia and other methylotroph yeast 195
Koti Sreekrishna
14 Gene Expression in Recombinant Animal Cells and Transgenic Animals 213
Richard M. Twyman and Bruce Whitelaw
15 Inoculum Expansion Methods, Animal Cell Lines 297
Claudia Kloth, Glenn Maclsaac, Haile Ghebremariam, and Alahari Arunakumari
16 Insect Cell Culture 311
Someet Narang, Erik M. Whiteley, Sunyia Hussain, and Michael J. Betenbaugh
17 Kinetics of Microbial Growth 331
Nicolai S. Panikov
18 Microalgae, Mass Culture Methods 371
Emílio Molina Grima, Jose María Fernández Sevilla, and Francisco Gabriel
Acién Fernández
19 Microbial Growth Measurement 399
Arthur L. Koch
20 Microbial Media Composition 413
Rosalie J. Cote
21 Microscopic Characterization of Cells 437
Erwin Huebner
22 Mycoplasma Contamination of Cell Cultures 467
Cord C. Uphoff and Hans G. Drexler
23 Protein Glycosylation: Analysis, Characterization, and Engineering 489
Mikael R. Andersen, Jong Hyun Nam, and Susan T. Sharfstein
24 Secretion of Heterologous Proteins, Gram Positive Bacteria 543
Eric Morello, Isabelle Poquet, Philippe Langella
25 Soluble Protein Expression in Bacteria 557
Catherine H. Schein
PART III MEDIA, CELL LINES AND PROCESS DEVELOPMENT 579
26 Animal Cell Culture Media 581
Natarajan Vijayasankaran, Jincai Li, Robert Shawley, Aaron Chen, Masaru
Shiratori, Martin Gawlitzek, Feng Li, Robert Kiss, and Ashraf Amanullah
27 Animal Cell Culture, Effects of Osmolality and Temperature 599
James C. Warren and Shyamsundar Subramanian
28 Animal Cell Stability 617
Martin S. Sinacore, Timothy S. Charlebois, Denis Drapeau, Mark Leonard,
Scott Harrison, and S. Robert Adamson
29 Animal Cell Types, Hybridomas 635
K. Heilmann and B. Micheel
30 Antibody Production, Human Recombinant 645
Stefan Dübel
31 Antifoams and Pluronic Polyols, Cell Protection 663
David W. Murhammer
32 Biominiaturization of Bioreactors 669
Michael A. Hanson and Govind Rao
33 Inoculum Preparation 699
Craig J.L. Gershater
34 Microcarrier Culture 711
Susan T. Sharfstein and Christian Kaisermayer
35 Monoclonal Antibody Production, Cell Lines 733
Julia F. Markusen and David K. Robinson
36 Plant Cell Culture, Laboratory Techniques 747
Mark Richard Fowler
37 Scale-Up of Biotechnological Processes 759
Marko Zlokarnik
VOLUME II: EQUIPMENT, PROCESS DESIGN, SENSING, CONTROL, AND cGMP OPERATIONS
PREFACE ix
CONTRIBUTORS xi
PART IV BIOREACTOR DESIGN, ENGINEERING, PROCESS SENSING AND CONTROL 789
38 Aeration, Mixing, and Hydrodynamics in Animal Cell Bioreactors 791
Ruben Godoy-Silva, Claudia Berdugo, and Jeffrey J. Chalmers
39 Biocatalytic Membrane Reactors 821
Lidietta Giorno and Enrico Drioli
40 Bioreactor Scale-Down 847
Laura A. Palomares, Alvaro R. Lara, and Octavio T. Ramírez
41 Bioreactor Scale-Up 863
Laura A. Palomares and Octavio T. Ramírez
42 Bioreactors: Airlift Reactors 887
J.C. Merchuk and F. Garcia Camacho
43 Bioreactors, Continuous Culture of Plant Cells 955
H.J.G. Ten Hoopen
44 Bioreactors, Fluidized-Bed 963
Winfried Storhas
45 Bioreactors, Gas-Treatment 979
Graham Andrews and William Apel
46 Bioreactors, Perfusion 995
Wei Wen Su
47 Bioreactors: Rotating Biological Contactors 1013
Susana Cortez, Pilar Teixeira, Rosário Oliveira, and Manuel Mota
48 Bioreactors, Stirred Tank for Culture of Plant Cells 1031
Pauline M. Doran
49 Cell Immobilization, Engineering Aspects 1069
Ronnie Willaert
50 Fermenter/Bioreactor Design 1101
Marvin Charles and Jack Wilson
51 Gas-Holdup in Bioreactors 1137
Christian Sieblist and Andreas Lübbert
52 Immobilization of Proteins and Enzymes, Mesoporous Supports 1147
Martin Hartmann and Dirk Jung
53 Immobilized Cells 1179
Manojlovic Verica, Bugarski Branko, and Nedovic Viktor
54 Immobilized Enzymes 1201
Jose M. Guisan, Lorena Betancor, and Gloria Fernandez-Lorente
55 Impeller Selection, Animal Cell Culture 1219
Alvin W. Nienow
56 Mammalian Cell Bioreactors 1233
Weichang Zhou, Gargi Seth, Maria J. Guardia, and Wei-Shou Hu
57 Mammalian Cell Culture Reactors, Scale-Up 1245
J. Bryan Griffiths
58 Mass Transfer 1261
Yusuf Chisti
59 Oxygen Transfer Rate Determination Methods 1303
Felix Garcia-Ochoa and Emilio Gomez
60 Photobioreactors 1327
Mario R. Tredici, Graziella Chini Zittelli and Liliana Rodolfi
61 Rheological Behavior of Fermentation Fluids 1347
Colin R. Thomas and Grainne L. Riley
62 Rheology of Filamentous Microorganisms, Submerged Culture 1359
Maria Papagianni
63 Sampling and Sample Handling for Process Control 1377
Bo Mattiasson and Martin Hedström
64 Solid State Fermentation, Kinetics 1387
David A. Mitchell, Deidre M. Stuart, and Robert D. Tanner
65 Solid Substrate Fermentation, Automation 1413
Mario Fernández-fernández and J. Ricardo Pérez-correa
66 Stainless Steels 1427
C.P. Dillon
67 Static Mixing, Fermentation Processes 1435
Radu Z. Tudose and Maria Gavrilescu
68 Transfer Phenomena in Multiphase Systems 1451
Rodica-Viorica Roman
PART V PROCESS ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGIES (PAT) 1469
69 Bioprocess and Fermentation Monitoring 1471
Michael Pohlscheidt, Salim Charaniya, Marco Jenzsch, Christopher Bork, Tim
L. Noetzel, and Andreas Luebbert
70 Flow Injection Analysis in Industrial Biotechnology 1493
Elo Harald Hansen and Manuel Miró
71 Fluorescence Techniques for Bioprocess Monitoring 1511
Fabienne Anton, Carsten Lindemann, Bernd Hitzmann, Kenneth F. Reardon, and
Thomas Scheper
72 Off-Line Analysis in Animal Cell Culture 1523
Heino Büntemeyer
73 Process Analytical Technology: Strategies for Biopharmaceuticals 1543
Anurag S. Rathore and Gautam Kapoor
74 Vent Gas Analysis 1567
David Pollard and Jens Christensen
PART VI UPSTREAM cGMP OPERATIONS 1585
75 Antibody Manufacture, Disposable Systems 1587
Regine Eibl and Dieter Eibl
76 Bioreactor Operations 1595
David R. Gray
77 Bioreactors, Cell Culture, Commercial Production 1635
Tan-Che Zhou, Wen-Wen Zhou, Weiwei Hu, and Jian-Jiang Zhong
78 Biotransformation, Process Optimization 1665
Lutz Hilterhaus, Andreas Liese, and Udo Kragl
79 Foam Formation and Control in Bioreactors 1679
Frank Delvigne and Jean-Paul Lecomte
80 Pilot Plants, Design and Operation 1695
Beth H. Junker
81 Shear Sensitivity 1719
Yusuf Chisti
82 Sterilization and Decontamination, Bioprocess Equipment 1763
Peter L. Roberts
INDEX 1781
VOLUME I: EXPRESSION SYSTEMS & PROCESS DEVELOPMENT
PREFACE xi
CONTRIBUTORS xiii
PART I INTRODUCTION 3
PART II INDUSTRIAL CELL GROWTH AND GENE EXPRESSION SYSTEMS 7
1 Animal Cells, Suspension Culture 9
John R. Birch
2 Baculovirus Expression Systems 19
Robert D. Possee, Richard B. Hitchman, and Linda A. King
3 Baculovirus Kinetics, Insect Culture 33
Leslie Chan, Steve Reid, and Lars Keld Nielsen
4 Cell Culture, Aseptic Techniques 49
John M. Davis and Kevin L. Shade
5 Cell Cycle in Bioprocesses 71
Mariam Naciri and Mohamed Al-rubeai
6 Cell Growth and Protein Expression Kinetics 85
Dhinakar S. Kompala
7 Cell Viability Measurement 97
Ning Wei and Benjamin Sommer
8 Contamination Detection in Animal Cell Culture 105
Carol Mclean and Colin Harbour
9 Culture Collections and Biological Resource Centers (BRCs) 131
David Smith
10 Culture Preservation 153
Robert L. Gherna
11 Expression and Secretion of Heterologous Proteins, Bacillus and Other
Gram-Positive Bacteria 163
Boyke Bunk, Rebekka Biedendieck, Dieter Jahn, and Patricia S. Vary
12 Gene Expression in Human Cells 181
Marco A. Cacciuttolo, Gene Lee, John Chon, and John Lewis
13 Gene expression in Pichia and other methylotroph yeast 195
Koti Sreekrishna
14 Gene Expression in Recombinant Animal Cells and Transgenic Animals 213
Richard M. Twyman and Bruce Whitelaw
15 Inoculum Expansion Methods, Animal Cell Lines 297
Claudia Kloth, Glenn Maclsaac, Haile Ghebremariam, and Alahari Arunakumari
16 Insect Cell Culture 311
Someet Narang, Erik M. Whiteley, Sunyia Hussain, and Michael J. Betenbaugh
17 Kinetics of Microbial Growth 331
Nicolai S. Panikov
18 Microalgae, Mass Culture Methods 371
Emílio Molina Grima, Jose María Fernández Sevilla, and Francisco Gabriel
Acién Fernández
19 Microbial Growth Measurement 399
Arthur L. Koch
20 Microbial Media Composition 413
Rosalie J. Cote
21 Microscopic Characterization of Cells 437
Erwin Huebner
22 Mycoplasma Contamination of Cell Cultures 467
Cord C. Uphoff and Hans G. Drexler
23 Protein Glycosylation: Analysis, Characterization, and Engineering 489
Mikael R. Andersen, Jong Hyun Nam, and Susan T. Sharfstein
24 Secretion of Heterologous Proteins, Gram Positive Bacteria 543
Eric Morello, Isabelle Poquet, Philippe Langella
25 Soluble Protein Expression in Bacteria 557
Catherine H. Schein
PART III MEDIA, CELL LINES AND PROCESS DEVELOPMENT 579
26 Animal Cell Culture Media 581
Natarajan Vijayasankaran, Jincai Li, Robert Shawley, Aaron Chen, Masaru
Shiratori, Martin Gawlitzek, Feng Li, Robert Kiss, and Ashraf Amanullah
27 Animal Cell Culture, Effects of Osmolality and Temperature 599
James C. Warren and Shyamsundar Subramanian
28 Animal Cell Stability 617
Martin S. Sinacore, Timothy S. Charlebois, Denis Drapeau, Mark Leonard,
Scott Harrison, and S. Robert Adamson
29 Animal Cell Types, Hybridomas 635
K. Heilmann and B. Micheel
30 Antibody Production, Human Recombinant 645
Stefan Dübel
31 Antifoams and Pluronic Polyols, Cell Protection 663
David W. Murhammer
32 Biominiaturization of Bioreactors 669
Michael A. Hanson and Govind Rao
33 Inoculum Preparation 699
Craig J.L. Gershater
34 Microcarrier Culture 711
Susan T. Sharfstein and Christian Kaisermayer
35 Monoclonal Antibody Production, Cell Lines 733
Julia F. Markusen and David K. Robinson
36 Plant Cell Culture, Laboratory Techniques 747
Mark Richard Fowler
37 Scale-Up of Biotechnological Processes 759
Marko Zlokarnik
VOLUME II: EQUIPMENT, PROCESS DESIGN, SENSING, CONTROL, AND cGMP OPERATIONS
PREFACE ix
CONTRIBUTORS xi
PART IV BIOREACTOR DESIGN, ENGINEERING, PROCESS SENSING AND CONTROL 789
38 Aeration, Mixing, and Hydrodynamics in Animal Cell Bioreactors 791
Ruben Godoy-Silva, Claudia Berdugo, and Jeffrey J. Chalmers
39 Biocatalytic Membrane Reactors 821
Lidietta Giorno and Enrico Drioli
40 Bioreactor Scale-Down 847
Laura A. Palomares, Alvaro R. Lara, and Octavio T. Ramírez
41 Bioreactor Scale-Up 863
Laura A. Palomares and Octavio T. Ramírez
42 Bioreactors: Airlift Reactors 887
J.C. Merchuk and F. Garcia Camacho
43 Bioreactors, Continuous Culture of Plant Cells 955
H.J.G. Ten Hoopen
44 Bioreactors, Fluidized-Bed 963
Winfried Storhas
45 Bioreactors, Gas-Treatment 979
Graham Andrews and William Apel
46 Bioreactors, Perfusion 995
Wei Wen Su
47 Bioreactors: Rotating Biological Contactors 1013
Susana Cortez, Pilar Teixeira, Rosário Oliveira, and Manuel Mota
48 Bioreactors, Stirred Tank for Culture of Plant Cells 1031
Pauline M. Doran
49 Cell Immobilization, Engineering Aspects 1069
Ronnie Willaert
50 Fermenter/Bioreactor Design 1101
Marvin Charles and Jack Wilson
51 Gas-Holdup in Bioreactors 1137
Christian Sieblist and Andreas Lübbert
52 Immobilization of Proteins and Enzymes, Mesoporous Supports 1147
Martin Hartmann and Dirk Jung
53 Immobilized Cells 1179
Manojlovic Verica, Bugarski Branko, and Nedovic Viktor
54 Immobilized Enzymes 1201
Jose M. Guisan, Lorena Betancor, and Gloria Fernandez-Lorente
55 Impeller Selection, Animal Cell Culture 1219
Alvin W. Nienow
56 Mammalian Cell Bioreactors 1233
Weichang Zhou, Gargi Seth, Maria J. Guardia, and Wei-Shou Hu
57 Mammalian Cell Culture Reactors, Scale-Up 1245
J. Bryan Griffiths
58 Mass Transfer 1261
Yusuf Chisti
59 Oxygen Transfer Rate Determination Methods 1303
Felix Garcia-Ochoa and Emilio Gomez
60 Photobioreactors 1327
Mario R. Tredici, Graziella Chini Zittelli and Liliana Rodolfi
61 Rheological Behavior of Fermentation Fluids 1347
Colin R. Thomas and Grainne L. Riley
62 Rheology of Filamentous Microorganisms, Submerged Culture 1359
Maria Papagianni
63 Sampling and Sample Handling for Process Control 1377
Bo Mattiasson and Martin Hedström
64 Solid State Fermentation, Kinetics 1387
David A. Mitchell, Deidre M. Stuart, and Robert D. Tanner
65 Solid Substrate Fermentation, Automation 1413
Mario Fernández-fernández and J. Ricardo Pérez-correa
66 Stainless Steels 1427
C.P. Dillon
67 Static Mixing, Fermentation Processes 1435
Radu Z. Tudose and Maria Gavrilescu
68 Transfer Phenomena in Multiphase Systems 1451
Rodica-Viorica Roman
PART V PROCESS ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGIES (PAT) 1469
69 Bioprocess and Fermentation Monitoring 1471
Michael Pohlscheidt, Salim Charaniya, Marco Jenzsch, Christopher Bork, Tim
L. Noetzel, and Andreas Luebbert
70 Flow Injection Analysis in Industrial Biotechnology 1493
Elo Harald Hansen and Manuel Miró
71 Fluorescence Techniques for Bioprocess Monitoring 1511
Fabienne Anton, Carsten Lindemann, Bernd Hitzmann, Kenneth F. Reardon, and
Thomas Scheper
72 Off-Line Analysis in Animal Cell Culture 1523
Heino Büntemeyer
73 Process Analytical Technology: Strategies for Biopharmaceuticals 1543
Anurag S. Rathore and Gautam Kapoor
74 Vent Gas Analysis 1567
David Pollard and Jens Christensen
PART VI UPSTREAM cGMP OPERATIONS 1585
75 Antibody Manufacture, Disposable Systems 1587
Regine Eibl and Dieter Eibl
76 Bioreactor Operations 1595
David R. Gray
77 Bioreactors, Cell Culture, Commercial Production 1635
Tan-Che Zhou, Wen-Wen Zhou, Weiwei Hu, and Jian-Jiang Zhong
78 Biotransformation, Process Optimization 1665
Lutz Hilterhaus, Andreas Liese, and Udo Kragl
79 Foam Formation and Control in Bioreactors 1679
Frank Delvigne and Jean-Paul Lecomte
80 Pilot Plants, Design and Operation 1695
Beth H. Junker
81 Shear Sensitivity 1719
Yusuf Chisti
82 Sterilization and Decontamination, Bioprocess Equipment 1763
Peter L. Roberts
INDEX 1781
PREFACE xi
CONTRIBUTORS xiii
PART I INTRODUCTION 3
PART II INDUSTRIAL CELL GROWTH AND GENE EXPRESSION SYSTEMS 7
1 Animal Cells, Suspension Culture 9
John R. Birch
2 Baculovirus Expression Systems 19
Robert D. Possee, Richard B. Hitchman, and Linda A. King
3 Baculovirus Kinetics, Insect Culture 33
Leslie Chan, Steve Reid, and Lars Keld Nielsen
4 Cell Culture, Aseptic Techniques 49
John M. Davis and Kevin L. Shade
5 Cell Cycle in Bioprocesses 71
Mariam Naciri and Mohamed Al-rubeai
6 Cell Growth and Protein Expression Kinetics 85
Dhinakar S. Kompala
7 Cell Viability Measurement 97
Ning Wei and Benjamin Sommer
8 Contamination Detection in Animal Cell Culture 105
Carol Mclean and Colin Harbour
9 Culture Collections and Biological Resource Centers (BRCs) 131
David Smith
10 Culture Preservation 153
Robert L. Gherna
11 Expression and Secretion of Heterologous Proteins, Bacillus and Other
Gram-Positive Bacteria 163
Boyke Bunk, Rebekka Biedendieck, Dieter Jahn, and Patricia S. Vary
12 Gene Expression in Human Cells 181
Marco A. Cacciuttolo, Gene Lee, John Chon, and John Lewis
13 Gene expression in Pichia and other methylotroph yeast 195
Koti Sreekrishna
14 Gene Expression in Recombinant Animal Cells and Transgenic Animals 213
Richard M. Twyman and Bruce Whitelaw
15 Inoculum Expansion Methods, Animal Cell Lines 297
Claudia Kloth, Glenn Maclsaac, Haile Ghebremariam, and Alahari Arunakumari
16 Insect Cell Culture 311
Someet Narang, Erik M. Whiteley, Sunyia Hussain, and Michael J. Betenbaugh
17 Kinetics of Microbial Growth 331
Nicolai S. Panikov
18 Microalgae, Mass Culture Methods 371
Emílio Molina Grima, Jose María Fernández Sevilla, and Francisco Gabriel
Acién Fernández
19 Microbial Growth Measurement 399
Arthur L. Koch
20 Microbial Media Composition 413
Rosalie J. Cote
21 Microscopic Characterization of Cells 437
Erwin Huebner
22 Mycoplasma Contamination of Cell Cultures 467
Cord C. Uphoff and Hans G. Drexler
23 Protein Glycosylation: Analysis, Characterization, and Engineering 489
Mikael R. Andersen, Jong Hyun Nam, and Susan T. Sharfstein
24 Secretion of Heterologous Proteins, Gram Positive Bacteria 543
Eric Morello, Isabelle Poquet, Philippe Langella
25 Soluble Protein Expression in Bacteria 557
Catherine H. Schein
PART III MEDIA, CELL LINES AND PROCESS DEVELOPMENT 579
26 Animal Cell Culture Media 581
Natarajan Vijayasankaran, Jincai Li, Robert Shawley, Aaron Chen, Masaru
Shiratori, Martin Gawlitzek, Feng Li, Robert Kiss, and Ashraf Amanullah
27 Animal Cell Culture, Effects of Osmolality and Temperature 599
James C. Warren and Shyamsundar Subramanian
28 Animal Cell Stability 617
Martin S. Sinacore, Timothy S. Charlebois, Denis Drapeau, Mark Leonard,
Scott Harrison, and S. Robert Adamson
29 Animal Cell Types, Hybridomas 635
K. Heilmann and B. Micheel
30 Antibody Production, Human Recombinant 645
Stefan Dübel
31 Antifoams and Pluronic Polyols, Cell Protection 663
David W. Murhammer
32 Biominiaturization of Bioreactors 669
Michael A. Hanson and Govind Rao
33 Inoculum Preparation 699
Craig J.L. Gershater
34 Microcarrier Culture 711
Susan T. Sharfstein and Christian Kaisermayer
35 Monoclonal Antibody Production, Cell Lines 733
Julia F. Markusen and David K. Robinson
36 Plant Cell Culture, Laboratory Techniques 747
Mark Richard Fowler
37 Scale-Up of Biotechnological Processes 759
Marko Zlokarnik
VOLUME II: EQUIPMENT, PROCESS DESIGN, SENSING, CONTROL, AND cGMP OPERATIONS
PREFACE ix
CONTRIBUTORS xi
PART IV BIOREACTOR DESIGN, ENGINEERING, PROCESS SENSING AND CONTROL 789
38 Aeration, Mixing, and Hydrodynamics in Animal Cell Bioreactors 791
Ruben Godoy-Silva, Claudia Berdugo, and Jeffrey J. Chalmers
39 Biocatalytic Membrane Reactors 821
Lidietta Giorno and Enrico Drioli
40 Bioreactor Scale-Down 847
Laura A. Palomares, Alvaro R. Lara, and Octavio T. Ramírez
41 Bioreactor Scale-Up 863
Laura A. Palomares and Octavio T. Ramírez
42 Bioreactors: Airlift Reactors 887
J.C. Merchuk and F. Garcia Camacho
43 Bioreactors, Continuous Culture of Plant Cells 955
H.J.G. Ten Hoopen
44 Bioreactors, Fluidized-Bed 963
Winfried Storhas
45 Bioreactors, Gas-Treatment 979
Graham Andrews and William Apel
46 Bioreactors, Perfusion 995
Wei Wen Su
47 Bioreactors: Rotating Biological Contactors 1013
Susana Cortez, Pilar Teixeira, Rosário Oliveira, and Manuel Mota
48 Bioreactors, Stirred Tank for Culture of Plant Cells 1031
Pauline M. Doran
49 Cell Immobilization, Engineering Aspects 1069
Ronnie Willaert
50 Fermenter/Bioreactor Design 1101
Marvin Charles and Jack Wilson
51 Gas-Holdup in Bioreactors 1137
Christian Sieblist and Andreas Lübbert
52 Immobilization of Proteins and Enzymes, Mesoporous Supports 1147
Martin Hartmann and Dirk Jung
53 Immobilized Cells 1179
Manojlovic Verica, Bugarski Branko, and Nedovic Viktor
54 Immobilized Enzymes 1201
Jose M. Guisan, Lorena Betancor, and Gloria Fernandez-Lorente
55 Impeller Selection, Animal Cell Culture 1219
Alvin W. Nienow
56 Mammalian Cell Bioreactors 1233
Weichang Zhou, Gargi Seth, Maria J. Guardia, and Wei-Shou Hu
57 Mammalian Cell Culture Reactors, Scale-Up 1245
J. Bryan Griffiths
58 Mass Transfer 1261
Yusuf Chisti
59 Oxygen Transfer Rate Determination Methods 1303
Felix Garcia-Ochoa and Emilio Gomez
60 Photobioreactors 1327
Mario R. Tredici, Graziella Chini Zittelli and Liliana Rodolfi
61 Rheological Behavior of Fermentation Fluids 1347
Colin R. Thomas and Grainne L. Riley
62 Rheology of Filamentous Microorganisms, Submerged Culture 1359
Maria Papagianni
63 Sampling and Sample Handling for Process Control 1377
Bo Mattiasson and Martin Hedström
64 Solid State Fermentation, Kinetics 1387
David A. Mitchell, Deidre M. Stuart, and Robert D. Tanner
65 Solid Substrate Fermentation, Automation 1413
Mario Fernández-fernández and J. Ricardo Pérez-correa
66 Stainless Steels 1427
C.P. Dillon
67 Static Mixing, Fermentation Processes 1435
Radu Z. Tudose and Maria Gavrilescu
68 Transfer Phenomena in Multiphase Systems 1451
Rodica-Viorica Roman
PART V PROCESS ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGIES (PAT) 1469
69 Bioprocess and Fermentation Monitoring 1471
Michael Pohlscheidt, Salim Charaniya, Marco Jenzsch, Christopher Bork, Tim
L. Noetzel, and Andreas Luebbert
70 Flow Injection Analysis in Industrial Biotechnology 1493
Elo Harald Hansen and Manuel Miró
71 Fluorescence Techniques for Bioprocess Monitoring 1511
Fabienne Anton, Carsten Lindemann, Bernd Hitzmann, Kenneth F. Reardon, and
Thomas Scheper
72 Off-Line Analysis in Animal Cell Culture 1523
Heino Büntemeyer
73 Process Analytical Technology: Strategies for Biopharmaceuticals 1543
Anurag S. Rathore and Gautam Kapoor
74 Vent Gas Analysis 1567
David Pollard and Jens Christensen
PART VI UPSTREAM cGMP OPERATIONS 1585
75 Antibody Manufacture, Disposable Systems 1587
Regine Eibl and Dieter Eibl
76 Bioreactor Operations 1595
David R. Gray
77 Bioreactors, Cell Culture, Commercial Production 1635
Tan-Che Zhou, Wen-Wen Zhou, Weiwei Hu, and Jian-Jiang Zhong
78 Biotransformation, Process Optimization 1665
Lutz Hilterhaus, Andreas Liese, and Udo Kragl
79 Foam Formation and Control in Bioreactors 1679
Frank Delvigne and Jean-Paul Lecomte
80 Pilot Plants, Design and Operation 1695
Beth H. Junker
81 Shear Sensitivity 1719
Yusuf Chisti
82 Sterilization and Decontamination, Bioprocess Equipment 1763
Peter L. Roberts
INDEX 1781