This book sheds some light on the potential geological environment that can host uranium resources in the Nile Basin Countries. It presents and integrates evidence necessary for understanding the relationship between geological and structural provinces that control the localization of uranium resources in this part of East Africa. The demonstration of these controlling factors will present this region as a future target for uranium exploration and prospecting of mutual benefits for both the NBC and uranium exploration and prospecting sectors. It describes the theories and facts on the potential uranium provinces in the NBC in 8 chapters. These chapters include an introduction, the main geologic and tectonic framework, the uranium resources in Africa, proposed classification for uranium deposits, uranium reserve estimation, methods for uranium exploration, the uranium resources in NBC. The last chapter includes the summary and recommendations about uranium resources in each country. The potential uranium resources and localization of improving economic uranium deposits would be of great importance for the starting of nuclear power programs in the East Africa region.