The Urban Heat Island (UHIs) phenomenon is a warmest condition of a certain city. Many new and simulating developments have been apparent in the field of remote sensing, urban planning and climatology. This book is not just new information but reflect the fresh concepts and frameworks about urban heat island in under developing countries. The main objectives of this book are 1, Inventory of landcover of urban area 2, Inventory of spatial distribution of urban surface radiant temperature 3, Mapping of urban population density based on built up area and 4, Investigating the influence of landcover and population density on urban heat island for Yogyakarta city. The statistical analysis reveals that Urban Heat Island exits over urban areas and thermal level vary gradually with in cities with a positive relationship to landcover and population density