Urban sprawl is one of the most important types of land-use changes currently affecting Europe. It increasingly creates major impacts on the environment (via surface sealing, emissions by transport and ecosystem fragmentation); on the social structure of an area (by segregation, lifestyle changes and neglecting urban centres); and on the economy (via distributed production, land prices, and issues of scale). Urban Sprawl in Europe: landscapes, land-use change & policy explains the nature and dynamics of urban sprawl. The book is written in three parts. Part I considers contemporary…mehr
Urban sprawl is one of the most important types of land-use changes currently affecting Europe. It increasingly creates major impacts on the environment (via surface sealing, emissions by transport and ecosystem fragmentation); on the social structure of an area (by segregation, lifestyle changes and neglecting urban centres); and on the economy (via distributed production, land prices, and issues of scale). Urban Sprawl in Europe: landscapes, land-use change & policy explains the nature and dynamics of urban sprawl. The book is written in three parts. Part I considers contemporary definitions, theories and trends in European urban sprawl. In part II authors draw upon experiences from across Europe to consider urban sprawl from a number of perspectives: * Infrastructure-related sprawl, such as can be seen around Athens; * Sprawl in the post-socialist city, as typified by Warsaw, Leipzig and Ljubljana; * Decline and sprawl, where a comparative analysis of Liverpool and Leipzig shows that sprawl is not confined to expanding cities; * Sprawl based on the development of second homes as found in Sweden, Austria and elsewhere. In part III a formal qualitative model of sprawl is developed. Policies for the control of urban sprawl and the roles of different stakeholders are considered. Finally, a concluding chapter raises questions about the nature and dynamics of these new urban landscapes and their sustainability.Hinweis: Dieser Artikel kann nur an eine deutsche Lieferadresse ausgeliefert werden.
Chris Couch is Professor of Urban Planning; and Head of Planning and Housing Studies - Liverpool John Mores University Dr Lila Leontidou is a Professor of Geography - Hellenic Open University and University of the Aegean Dr Gerhard Petschel-Held was formerly based at the Institute of the Sociology of Spatial Planning - Vienna University of Technology
Inhaltsangabe
Contributors xiii Preface xvii Acknowledgments xx Part I Theory and Method 1 1 Introduction: Definitions, Theories and Methods of Comparative Analysis 3 Chris Couch, Lila Leontidou and Karl-Olov Arnstberg Background 3 The origins of suburbia and urban sprawl in Europe and the USA 6 Some differences between Europe and the USA 15 The development of theory and policy in Europe 20 Methodology 28 The structure of the book 32 Note 34 References 34 2 Sprawl in European Cities: The Comparative Background 39 Diana Reckien and Jay Karecha Urban trends in Europe 39 Urban trends in the case study cities 45 Conclusions 64 Appendix: Patterns of growth and sprawl across European cities 65 References 67 Part II Types of Urban Sprawl in Europe 69 3 Infrastructure-related Urban Sprawl: Mega-events and Hybrid Peri-urban Landscapes in Southern Europe 71 Lila Leontidou, Alex Afouxenidis, Elias Kourliouros and Emmanuel Marmaras Introduction: theory and method 71 'Astyphilia' and popular spontaneous suburbanisation until the 1970s 73 Modernism and urban land policy after EU accession 80 Toward the entrepreneurial city and post-Olympic landscapes 87 Mega-events and Mediterranean urban futures 94 Notes 96 References 98 4 Sprawl in the Post-Socialist City: The Changing Economic and Institutional Context of Central and Eastern European Cities 102 Nataa Pichler-Milanovic, Ma³gorzata Gutry-Korycka and Dieter Rink Socialist cities in Central and Eastern Europe 102 Transition reforms in Central and Eastern Europe 104 The patterns of urban sprawl in post-socialist cities 108 The causes of urban sprawl in the post-socialist cities 114 The consequences of urban sprawl in post-socialist cities 121 Policy responses 127 Conclusions: what is needed for 'sustainable' sprawl in post-socialist cities? 130 Notes 133 References 133 5 Decline and Sprawl: Urban Sprawl is not Confined to Expanding City Regions 136 Henning Nuissl, Dieter Rink, Chris Couch and Jay Karecha Sprawl in the context of urban decline 136 Trends in urban sprawl in Britain and Germany 138 The two cases 141 Comparisons between Liverpool and Leipzig 150 Conclusions 156 Notes 160 References 160 6 No Place Like Second Home: Weekends, Holidays, Retirement and Urban Sprawl 163 Karl-Olov Arnstberg and Inger Bergstrom The largest industry in the world 163 A short history of the summerhouse 165 The summers of my childhood 165 Two homes 167 Making and maintaining roots 169 Recreation, retirement ...and investment 170 Retreat to a loved place 171 Varmdo, a sprawled community in the Stockholm region 173 References 180 Part III Models, Urban Policy and Sustainability 181 7 Modelling Urban Sprawl: Actors and Mathematics 183 Matthias Ludeke, Diana Reckien and Gerhard Petschel-Held Actors, actor classes and sprawl 184 The actor versus the structural perspective on sprawl 187 Identifying the feedbacks 190 Operationalising the qualitative attractivity migration model 195 Validation and future scenarios 196 Using a QUAM model for policy analysis 198 From general targets to specific policy mechanisms: a model analysis 199 Discussion of case specific strategy - suggestions from a QUAM perspective 206 Conclusions 211 Appendix 213 References 214 8 Lines of Defence: Policies for the Control of Urban Sprawl 217 Henning Nuissl and Chris Couch The aims of policy 217 The mechanisms of policy 218 Regulation 220 Economic intervention: direct investment, taxation or subsidy 227 Institutional change, management and advocacy 229 Conclusions 233 Notes 238 References 239 9 Urban Sprawl and Hybrid Cityscapes in Europe: Comparisons, Theory Construction and Conclusions 242 Lila Leontidou and Chris Couch 'Urban', 'suburban', 'post-suburban', and their in-between spaces 243 Deconstructing the dualism of causes/consequences of urban sprawl 244 A systematic comparison of city case studies 256 Cultures of urbanism and sprawl in Europe 260 Hybrid landscapes and questions of sustainability 264 Note 265 References 265 Index 269
Contributors xiii Preface xvii Acknowledgments xx Part I Theory and Method 1 1 Introduction: Definitions, Theories and Methods of Comparative Analysis 3 Chris Couch, Lila Leontidou and Karl-Olov Arnstberg Background 3 The origins of suburbia and urban sprawl in Europe and the USA 6 Some differences between Europe and the USA 15 The development of theory and policy in Europe 20 Methodology 28 The structure of the book 32 Note 34 References 34 2 Sprawl in European Cities: The Comparative Background 39 Diana Reckien and Jay Karecha Urban trends in Europe 39 Urban trends in the case study cities 45 Conclusions 64 Appendix: Patterns of growth and sprawl across European cities 65 References 67 Part II Types of Urban Sprawl in Europe 69 3 Infrastructure-related Urban Sprawl: Mega-events and Hybrid Peri-urban Landscapes in Southern Europe 71 Lila Leontidou, Alex Afouxenidis, Elias Kourliouros and Emmanuel Marmaras Introduction: theory and method 71 'Astyphilia' and popular spontaneous suburbanisation until the 1970s 73 Modernism and urban land policy after EU accession 80 Toward the entrepreneurial city and post-Olympic landscapes 87 Mega-events and Mediterranean urban futures 94 Notes 96 References 98 4 Sprawl in the Post-Socialist City: The Changing Economic and Institutional Context of Central and Eastern European Cities 102 Nataa Pichler-Milanovic, Ma³gorzata Gutry-Korycka and Dieter Rink Socialist cities in Central and Eastern Europe 102 Transition reforms in Central and Eastern Europe 104 The patterns of urban sprawl in post-socialist cities 108 The causes of urban sprawl in the post-socialist cities 114 The consequences of urban sprawl in post-socialist cities 121 Policy responses 127 Conclusions: what is needed for 'sustainable' sprawl in post-socialist cities? 130 Notes 133 References 133 5 Decline and Sprawl: Urban Sprawl is not Confined to Expanding City Regions 136 Henning Nuissl, Dieter Rink, Chris Couch and Jay Karecha Sprawl in the context of urban decline 136 Trends in urban sprawl in Britain and Germany 138 The two cases 141 Comparisons between Liverpool and Leipzig 150 Conclusions 156 Notes 160 References 160 6 No Place Like Second Home: Weekends, Holidays, Retirement and Urban Sprawl 163 Karl-Olov Arnstberg and Inger Bergstrom The largest industry in the world 163 A short history of the summerhouse 165 The summers of my childhood 165 Two homes 167 Making and maintaining roots 169 Recreation, retirement ...and investment 170 Retreat to a loved place 171 Varmdo, a sprawled community in the Stockholm region 173 References 180 Part III Models, Urban Policy and Sustainability 181 7 Modelling Urban Sprawl: Actors and Mathematics 183 Matthias Ludeke, Diana Reckien and Gerhard Petschel-Held Actors, actor classes and sprawl 184 The actor versus the structural perspective on sprawl 187 Identifying the feedbacks 190 Operationalising the qualitative attractivity migration model 195 Validation and future scenarios 196 Using a QUAM model for policy analysis 198 From general targets to specific policy mechanisms: a model analysis 199 Discussion of case specific strategy - suggestions from a QUAM perspective 206 Conclusions 211 Appendix 213 References 214 8 Lines of Defence: Policies for the Control of Urban Sprawl 217 Henning Nuissl and Chris Couch The aims of policy 217 The mechanisms of policy 218 Regulation 220 Economic intervention: direct investment, taxation or subsidy 227 Institutional change, management and advocacy 229 Conclusions 233 Notes 238 References 239 9 Urban Sprawl and Hybrid Cityscapes in Europe: Comparisons, Theory Construction and Conclusions 242 Lila Leontidou and Chris Couch 'Urban', 'suburban', 'post-suburban', and their in-between spaces 243 Deconstructing the dualism of causes/consequences of urban sprawl 244 A systematic comparison of city case studies 256 Cultures of urbanism and sprawl in Europe 260 Hybrid landscapes and questions of sustainability 264 Note 265 References 265 Index 269
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