Most soils all over the world are deficient in one or more essential plant nutrients,therefore,they cannot give the maximum yield without any fertilization,even in primitive agricultural systems,at least a simple type of fertilization should be practiced.Fallow system of production has traditionally been used to maintain soil fertility,but nowadays fallow period have been decreased due to the higher human and animal demands.Therefore,this book put more emphasis about the effect of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization on the performance of rain fed pearl millet,grain and Stover yield,grain chemical composition and soil analysis so as to develop cultural practices that can contribute in increasing the yield per unit area which will assist in saving the farmers effort and time and, simultaneously,to give such soils more time to recover their plant coverage.This book,therefore,provides information for farmers,agriculturists,researchers,and students in this field and anyone else dealing with increasing agricultural production and productivity.