Using the Instruments of Power in Post-Regime Change Operations: A Comparative Study of Antigonus the One-Eyed and George W. Bush in Mesopotamia

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Antigonus successfully secured, stabilized and administered most of the area controlled by the Persian Empire after their defeat by Alexander. How? A similar situation occurred in 2003 in the heart of the ancient Persian Empire -- the U.S. invasion of Iraq and the defeat of Saddam Hussein and his Ba'ath party. However, George W. Bush has been unable to secure, stabilize, and administer this territory after four years of major operations. Why? The answers come from analyzing both actors use of their available Instruments of Power (IOPs). Antigonus adeptly used all of the IOPs with a coherent strategy to achieve his objectives. Bush relied heavily on the Military IOP to achieve his objectives and when he did attempt to use the other IOPs they were uncoordinated and poorly applied. Antigonus, while achieving significant success over twenty years, eventually lost his bid for empire and his life at a final showdown with his rival successors. Four yeas after a successful military invasion, Bush is also failing to achieve his objective of creating a peaceful democracy in the heart of the Middle East. Both leaders' failures can be traced to a common flaw too often found in great men. This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

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