This book provides our basic understanding of how the immune system functions during infections and vaccinations. The methodological advances in vaccine technology such as nucleic acid vaccines are described and a broad coverage of the vaccine situation against all major infectious diseases is given including both history, present state and future possibilities. The book also contains a series of articles of vaccines against non-infectious diseases or conditions in man. The present situation with regard to human anti-pregnancy vaccines is summarized. The front lines of cancer vaccines are described and various approaches to ameliorate or eliminate autoimmune diseases by vaccinations are discussed. Finally, new approaches to eliminate IgE-mediated allergies are presented. It is an entirely new book written by renowned experts in their fields.