Validation of Methods to Measure Mass Flux of a Groundwater Contaminant
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Recently, a number of methods have been developed and subsequently applied to measure contaminant mass flux in groundwater in the field. However, none of these methods has been validated by comparing measured and known fluxes at larger than the laboratory-scale. Recently, a couple of innovative flux measurement methods, the Tandem Recirculating Well (TRW) and Integral Pumping Test (IPT) methods, have been proposed. The TRW method can measure mass flux integrated over a large subsurface volume without extracting water. The IPT method is a simple and easily applicable method of obtaining volume-...
Recently, a number of methods have been developed and subsequently applied to measure contaminant mass flux in groundwater in the field. However, none of these methods has been validated by comparing measured and known fluxes at larger than the laboratory-scale. Recently, a couple of innovative flux measurement methods, the Tandem Recirculating Well (TRW) and Integral Pumping Test (IPT) methods, have been proposed. The TRW method can measure mass flux integrated over a large subsurface volume without extracting water. The IPT method is a simple and easily applicable method of obtaining volume-integrated flux measurements. In the current study, flux measurements obtained using these two methods are compared with known mass fluxes in a meso-scale three-dimensional artificial aquifer. The TRW method is applied using two different techniques. One technique is simple and inexpensive, only requiring measurement of heads, while the second technique requires conducting a tracer test. The IPT method requires use of one or more pumping and observation wells in various configurations. The results of the experiments in the artificial aquifer show that the most expensive technique, the TRW method using tracers, provides the most accurate results (within 15%). The TRW method that relies on head measurements appears not to be a viable flux measurement technique because of the large errors that were observed when applying the technique. This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
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