Human haemoglobins occupy a unique position in medical genetics since it has become possible to understand the molecular basis and medical genetics better on the basis of haemoglobins than any other genetic system. The knowledge of this protein has helped in the demonstration of relationship between genetic information and protein structure; mechanism of formation of new genes other than by point mutation, cast light on the process of evolution at both the molecular and the population level and provide a model of gene action during development. The present study relates to investigations on "VARIATION AT HAEMOGLOBIN LOCUS IN JAT SIKH, KHATRI, BANIA AND BRAHMIN CASTE GROUPS OF PUNJAB".