This book addresses the species diversity of Serbal mountain as a part of south Sinai which is very rich in flora and fauna. Serbal mountain characterized by a unique vegetation, lots of endemic, medicinal and threatened plant species. Attention was paid to the ecological studies has been done in the area, floristic composition, land form types, soil conditions, and other physical environmental factors controlling the plant distribution on the mountain. The work included vegetation analysis using the multivariate programs, and classification of most important plant communities and its relationship with environmental factors. The work supported with a species list of associating species, and its ecological situation. Knowledge gained from this book is very helpful in designing a conservation plan which would be a start point for saving natural resources on Serbal mountain.