H. Pohlman

Voting in America

Examining the Facts

• Gebundenes Buch

Produktbeschreibung

This title gives students and other users a clear understanding of the true state of voting and representative democracy in the United States by impartially examining claims surrounding voter fraud, voter suppression, gerrymandering, and other voting-related issues in the U.S. This work is part of a series that uses evidence-based documentation to examine the veracity of claims and beliefs about high-profile issues in American culture and politics. Each book in the Contemporary Debates series is intended to puncture rather than perpetuate myths that diminish our understanding of important policies and positions; to provide needed context for misleading statements and claims; and to confirm the factual accuracy of other assertions. This particular volume examines beliefs, claims, and myths about voting and elections in the United States. Issues covered include constitutional provisions concerning the franchise, constitutional amendments expanding the vote to previously disenfranchised groups, the specific provisions of the landmark Voting Rights Act of 1965, and modern-day controversies swirling around claims of voter suppression for partisan gain, voter fraud, and partisan gerrymandering. All of these issues are examined in individualized entries, with objective responses grounded in up-to-date evidence.

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: Bloomsbury Publishing plc
• Seitenzahl: 244
• Erscheinungstermin: 19. Oktober 2020
• Englisch
• Abmessung: 240mm x 161mm x 18mm
• Gewicht: 534g
• ISBN-13: 9781440873287
• ISBN-10: 1440873283
• Artikelnr.: 60583220

Autorenporträt

H. L. Pohlman is the A. Lee Fritschler Professor of Public Policy and professor of political science at Dickinson College, USA.

Inhaltsangabe

How to Use This Book
Introduction
1 Voting and Political Representation in the Constitution Q1. Did the
original Constitution give all citizens a right to vote in presidential
elections?
Q2. Did the original Constitution of the United States grant citizens the
right to vote for members of Congress?
Q3. Did any African Americans have a right to vote in federal elections
prior to the Civil War?
Q4. Did the ratification of the Fifteenth Amendment in 1870 end the
practice of states denying or abridging the right of African American men
to vote in federal or state elections?
Q5. After Reconstruction ended in 1877, did northern and western states in
general comply with the letter of the Fifteenth Amendment?
Q6. As it doubled the size of the American electorate, did the Nineteenth
Amendment (1920) granting women the right to vote immediately transform
American politics?
Q7. Was the Twenty-Sixth Amendment (1971), which dropped the voting age
from twenty-one to eighteen, ratified primarily because the federal
government was drafting eighteen-, nineteen-, and twenty-year-old men to
fight in the Vietnam War?
Q8. Are there any other amendments to the U.S. Constitution that affected
the right of American citizens to vote in federal and state elections?
2 Electoral Districting and the Warren Court Q9. During the nineteenth
century and the first half of the twentieth, did Congress allow state
legislatures to determine the geographical lines of electoral districts for
elections to the House of Representatives?
Q10. Did the Republican Guarantee Clause of the Constitution (Article IV,
Section 4) provide the Supreme Court with a legal basis to invalidate House
electoral districts if they contained unequal populations?
Q11. If federal courts were unable to rely on the Republican Guarantee
Clause to require states to equalize the populations of House electoral
districts, could they invalidate a change in a state's electoral district
lines based on race or ethnicity?
Q12. As the Supreme Court rejected the argument that the Republican
Guarantee Clause was an appropriate basis to invalidate malapportioned
House electoral districts, was there some other constitutional provision
that the Court could utilize to invalidate malapportioned state electoral
districts?
Q13. When the Supreme Court ruled in Reynolds v. Sims and Wesberry v.
Sanders that unequal electoral districts violated either the Equal
Protection Clause or Article I, Section 2, did the Supreme Court invalidate
the nature of representation underlying the U.S. Senate, the Electoral
College, and the U.S. House of Representatives?
Q14. Did the Warren Court permit a state to maintain unequal electoral
districts if the state's voters overwhelmingly approved this type of
inequality via referendum or initiative?
Q15. Did the Warren Court apply the principle of "one person, one vote"
flexibly, allowing relatively small variations in population between
electoral districts without requiring the state to explain or justify them?
Q16. Did the Warren Court hand down any major decisions on the right to
vote besides those related to apportionment and electoral districting?
3 The Voting Rights Act in the Twenty-First Century Q17. Was the Voting
Rights Act of 1965 politically uncontroversial as it passed by large
margins in both the Senate (77-19) and the House of Representatives
(333-85)?
Q18. As the Voting Rights Act of 1965 authorized an unprecedented degree of
federal control and supervision over state electoral practices, was its
constitutionality in doubt when it was enacted?
Q19. Do federal "examiners" and "observers" of elections continue to play
an important role in states subject to the "special provisions" of Section
5 of the Voting Rights Act?
Q20. Was Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act redundant because it only
banned what the Fifteenth Amendment already prohibited?
Q21. Could a state use race as a factor in drawing electoral district lines
to comply with Section 5 of the Voting Rights Act to such an extent that it
violated the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment?
Q22. Did Congress ever broaden the Voting Rights Act to prohibit
discrimination against nonracial minorities, and to require states and
political subdivisions to provide assistance to these minorities in
exercising their voting rights?
Q23. Has the constitutionality of all the provisions of the Voting Rights
Act regarding its scope and coverage been consistently upheld by the
Supreme Court?
4 Partisan Gerrymandering Q24. Has partisan gerrymandering evolved
significantly throughout American political electoral history?
Q25. Has the Supreme Court ever invalidated an extreme partisan gerrymander
on constitutional grounds?
Q26. Even if the Supreme Court will not consider the constitutionality of
partisan gerrymandering, can state courts strike down gerrymanders for
violating state constitutions?
Q27. If no state judicial remedy is available, are there any political
remedies that disaffected citizens can pursue to rectify extreme partisan
gerrymandering?
Q28. As state courts have recently ruled that extreme partisan
gerrymandering violates their state constitutions (Q26) and a number of
states have established independent redistricting commissions (Q27), is it
likely that partisan gerrymandering will soon disappear from American
political life?
5 Ongoing Challenges Q29. Is voter fraud a serious problem in the modern
United States?
Q30. Do state voter identification (ID) laws have any legitimate purpose?
Q31. Does the federal Constitution require states to disfranchise convicted
felons?
Q32. Even if there are legitimate reasons why states purge their voter
registration lists, can such purges be used to suppress voting rights?
Q33. Is it constitutional for a state to require that an elector of the
Electoral College pledge to vote for the presidential candidate who won the
state's popular vote and punish the elector if the pledge is not honored?
Q34. Is there any way to circumvent or abolish the role of the Electoral
College in presidential elections in favor of a national popular vote?
Q35. Did Russia interfere in the 2016 presidential election to undermine
American confidence in U.S. elections and the value of the right to vote?
Q36. Apart from foreign interference in the 2016 presidential election, are
there additional reasons why voters have lost confidence in the value of
the right to vote and the integrity of American democracy itself?
Index