The water environment serves as the foundation for numerous habitats and ecosystems. The discharge and accumulation of pollutants can disrupt the balance of aquatic ecosystems, leading to species extinction, ecological disruptions, and direct or indirect impacts on human health. Against the backdrop of the global carbon peak and carbon neutrality, controlling water pollution has become increasingly important. Within the broad framework of "water environment pollution and control," this Special Issue aims to provide essential knowledge and establish a solid scientific foundation for the control and management of water pollution by studying the environmental behavior and bioavailability of various pollutants. It can serve as a scientific basis for developing effective pollution prevention and control strategies, and can provide guidance for establishing a clean, healthy, and sustainable environment. We believe the reprint of "Water Environment Pollution and Control" will offer readers comprehensive and in depth knowledge, thereby promoting further research in the field of water environment pollution and control.