Our study consists of analysing the management of water at the point of use in Kigali City. Its aim is to contribute to the reduction of water-borne diseases in the city, especially in ten villages around the Rwampara marsh. This is a quantitative cross-sectional study with descriptive design. Considering that 7% of the surveyed households do not treat water before drinking it, and that the laboratory analyses of the water from Rwampara swamp show a very high degree of faecal pollution and turbidity, any consumption of this water without prior disinfection and filtration is a major public health problem.