This monograph deals with such issues as: introduction of modern irrigation technologies in the traditional agricultural farming systems of the South Caucasus trans-boundary region; characteristics of intensity of damages of irrigation schemes and their forecast; impact of surface irrigation on the intensity of irrigation erosion; simulation model of the growing and development process of agricultural crops; ecological strategy of rational use of water resources in the light of climate change; theoretical and practical aspects of infiltration processes in soils; hydro-ecological aspects of migration and movement of water in the soils; mathematical model for definition of heat conductivity of soil for achieving the harvest of early agricultural crops; determination of parameters of drip irrigation pipeline. The monograph is published in the framework of the International Grant Project #135 "Academic Collaboration for (Building) Capacity in Environmental Studies - ACCES" funded by the Austrian Agency for International Cooperation in Education and Research (OeAD-GmbH) within the Austrian Partnership Programme in Higher Education and Research for Development - APPEAR.