Robert Turrell presents a novel approach to the study of capital punishment in 20th-century South Africa. White Mercy focuses on official acts of mercy rather than on miscarriages of justice. Turrell bases his absorbing narrative on a thorough investigation of government statistics, court testimony, and judges' reports. He shows that racism and sexism profoundly influenced death-penalty cases, but not in equal ways. Africans, whom white rulers considered the weaker race, and women, whom men called the weaker sex, entered a legal realm that both promoted preordained cultural difference and…mehr
Robert Turrell presents a novel approach to the study of capital punishment in 20th-century South Africa. White Mercy focuses on official acts of mercy rather than on miscarriages of justice. Turrell bases his absorbing narrative on a thorough investigation of government statistics, court testimony, and judges' reports. He shows that racism and sexism profoundly influenced death-penalty cases, but not in equal ways. Africans, whom white rulers considered the weaker race, and women, whom men called the weaker sex, entered a legal realm that both promoted preordained cultural difference and disproportionately granted clemency to females convicted of murder. What will perhaps surprise many readers is that a number of condemned white men went to the gallows because the court believed they exhibited the incorrigible instincts of the weaker race. White Mercy stands alone in South African scholarship as the only book-length history of capital punishment. It is also a pioneering study in the field of gender studies. Turrell's sharp analysis and engrossing vignettes will be welcomed by students in graduate seminars and upper-level undergraduate courses covering a range of themes from race relations and gender studies, to the death penalty and constitutional developments in the United States and South Africa.Hinweis: Dieser Artikel kann nur an eine deutsche Lieferadresse ausgeliefert werden.
Robert Turrell is Speech Writer and Senior Researcher in the Office of the Chairperson, National Council of Provinces, in the South African Parliament.
Inhaltsangabe
CONTENTSCONTENTSContents Illustrations xiIntroduction 1The Argument about the Death Penalty 7The Argument about Mercy 14Measuring the Subject 211 Segregation: "This man is only a native" (1900-1910) 35Racial Stereotypes in the Mercy Reports 36Petitions: The Importance of "Primitive Instinct" 37Hanging Murder: The Degree of Deliberation 39Nonhanging Murder: The Degree of Provocation 42Riot and Rebellion in the Cape: Mkisa Ngcobo (1905), Hendrik Bekeer (1907), and the Ferreira Rebels (1907) 46To Hang or Not to Hang for Rape: Solomon Africa (1898) and Sam Mshiywa (1904) 522 Lord Gladstone: "This judicial slaughter is a desperate business" (1910-1914) 69Capital Punishment and Witchcraft 72Ritual Retribution: Lu Teng Ting (1910) and Mkhandumba Buthelezi (1910) 74The "Natural Reluctance" to Hang Women: Mietje Bontnaal (1910) 77Rape: "Strict Justice and Fair Play for the Subject Races" 823 Degeneration: "Inferior whites undermine the white race as a whole" (1914-1921) 95The 1916 Mental Disorders Act: The Feeble-minded and Degenerate 97A Degenerate Murderer: Bernard Schoon (1920) 100The Policy of Executing Degenerates 106Women Hanged: Dominica Radulphini (1917) and Dina van der Merwe (1921) 109Respectable White Women Raped 111 4 Prince Arthur and the Rand Rebellion: "Between judges . and politicians" (1922-1924) 121White Men Murder Black Men: Johannes Brussouw (1922) and Carl Stassen (1922) 123"Incited and Procured": Hull and Lewis (1922) 128The Revolt of the Judiciary: Sam Long (1922) 129The Mercy Prerogative Surrendered? 133 5 Racial Murder: "A national pastime" (1924-1933) 141The Standerton Case: The Savage Death of Clara Ndlovu (1924) 142Managing Racial Murder 145Whitewash: Racist White Juries 148Murder at Tweestroom: The Wrath of Samuel Makgaai (1926) 151Black Opposition to Racial Injustice: The Louis Trichardt Case (1928) 158Murder Underground: The Reprieve of Jim Motlomeleli (1929) 162Women Hanged for Greed: Ngqumbazi Tshange and Maria Zondi (1925) and Daisy de Melker (1932) 164 6 General Smuts: "Mostly illiterates and natives" (1933-1939) 175The Murder Law Transformed (1935) 176The Racial Significance of Extenuating Circumstances: The Case Junod Made 180Witchcraft as an Extenuating Circumstance: The Terror of William Sobekwa (1934) 186Common Purpose: The Strange Case of the Ngoepe Brothers (1935) 190Premeditation, Provocation, and Motive: The Smuts Legacy 193 7 A Discretionary Death Penalty: "Executions are carried out by one racial group on another" (1939-1948) 201Black and White Victims: A New Breed of Judge 202Murder in the Townships: The Agony of Agnes Dhlamini (1945) 211Rape and Retribution: "Worst Cases" 217Judge Krause and Penal Reform 221Conclusion 231The Recommendation of the Judge and Jury 232Who Decided? 233Rules of Reprieve 234Race and Gender Bias 237Procedural Appendix 243 Statistical Appendix 257Author's Note 273Index 275
CONTENTSCONTENTSContents Illustrations xiIntroduction 1The Argument about the Death Penalty 7The Argument about Mercy 14Measuring the Subject 211 Segregation: "This man is only a native" (1900-1910) 35Racial Stereotypes in the Mercy Reports 36Petitions: The Importance of "Primitive Instinct" 37Hanging Murder: The Degree of Deliberation 39Nonhanging Murder: The Degree of Provocation 42Riot and Rebellion in the Cape: Mkisa Ngcobo (1905), Hendrik Bekeer (1907), and the Ferreira Rebels (1907) 46To Hang or Not to Hang for Rape: Solomon Africa (1898) and Sam Mshiywa (1904) 522 Lord Gladstone: "This judicial slaughter is a desperate business" (1910-1914) 69Capital Punishment and Witchcraft 72Ritual Retribution: Lu Teng Ting (1910) and Mkhandumba Buthelezi (1910) 74The "Natural Reluctance" to Hang Women: Mietje Bontnaal (1910) 77Rape: "Strict Justice and Fair Play for the Subject Races" 823 Degeneration: "Inferior whites undermine the white race as a whole" (1914-1921) 95The 1916 Mental Disorders Act: The Feeble-minded and Degenerate 97A Degenerate Murderer: Bernard Schoon (1920) 100The Policy of Executing Degenerates 106Women Hanged: Dominica Radulphini (1917) and Dina van der Merwe (1921) 109Respectable White Women Raped 111 4 Prince Arthur and the Rand Rebellion: "Between judges . and politicians" (1922-1924) 121White Men Murder Black Men: Johannes Brussouw (1922) and Carl Stassen (1922) 123"Incited and Procured": Hull and Lewis (1922) 128The Revolt of the Judiciary: Sam Long (1922) 129The Mercy Prerogative Surrendered? 133 5 Racial Murder: "A national pastime" (1924-1933) 141The Standerton Case: The Savage Death of Clara Ndlovu (1924) 142Managing Racial Murder 145Whitewash: Racist White Juries 148Murder at Tweestroom: The Wrath of Samuel Makgaai (1926) 151Black Opposition to Racial Injustice: The Louis Trichardt Case (1928) 158Murder Underground: The Reprieve of Jim Motlomeleli (1929) 162Women Hanged for Greed: Ngqumbazi Tshange and Maria Zondi (1925) and Daisy de Melker (1932) 164 6 General Smuts: "Mostly illiterates and natives" (1933-1939) 175The Murder Law Transformed (1935) 176The Racial Significance of Extenuating Circumstances: The Case Junod Made 180Witchcraft as an Extenuating Circumstance: The Terror of William Sobekwa (1934) 186Common Purpose: The Strange Case of the Ngoepe Brothers (1935) 190Premeditation, Provocation, and Motive: The Smuts Legacy 193 7 A Discretionary Death Penalty: "Executions are carried out by one racial group on another" (1939-1948) 201Black and White Victims: A New Breed of Judge 202Murder in the Townships: The Agony of Agnes Dhlamini (1945) 211Rape and Retribution: "Worst Cases" 217Judge Krause and Penal Reform 221Conclusion 231The Recommendation of the Judge and Jury 232Who Decided? 233Rules of Reprieve 234Race and Gender Bias 237Procedural Appendix 243 Statistical Appendix 257Author's Note 273Index 275
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