This book analyses the implications of public-private partnerships (PPPs) in REDD+ benefit sharing mechanisms and social safeguards at the national, sub-national and local level in Indonesia. Using a framework established by Lukes (2005) to explore issues of power in the relationship among actors across all levels, the study questions how such partnerships can affect benefit sharing mechanisms and social safeguards in REDD+. At the sub-national and local level, this study integrated three theories: power (Lukes 2005), property rights (Schlager and Ostrom 1992), and access (Ribot and Peluso 2003).