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The futures of data, telecom and infocom industries in general are of great societal importance. The new third generation wireless systems (3G) are on the verge of introduction and the industry as a whole is facing serious problems. It is a critical time for those working within the industry and for emerging technologies. This volume is based around four scenarios of the wireless world in 2015. The focus is on the industry (i.e. infrastructure and terminal vendors, operators, and service developers and providers) as well as on new players.
Wireless Foresight deals with the development of…mehr
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The futures of data, telecom and infocom industries in general are of great societal importance. The new third generation wireless systems (3G) are on the verge of introduction and the industry as a whole is facing serious problems. It is a critical time for those working within the industry and for emerging technologies. This volume is based around four scenarios of the wireless world in 2015. The focus is on the industry (i.e. infrastructure and terminal vendors, operators, and service developers and providers) as well as on new players.
Wireless Foresight deals with the development of the wireless communications industry and technology during the coming ten to fifteen years. Telecommunications is a global business of enormous proportions and is one of the largest industries in the world.
Written in a highly accessible and simple to read manner, this book is based around four scenarios of the wireless world in 2015. The focus is on the industry (i.e. infrastructure and terminal vendors, operators, and service developers and providers) as well as on new players.
_ Discusses the long-term developments described in the four scenarios and also short term issues, for example the challenges facing industry.
_ Uncovers important areas for technological research and discusses the critical challenges facing industry, for example; the high cost for infrastructure, the slow spectrum release, the stampeding system complexity, radiation, battery capacity, and the threat of a disruptive market change facing the telecommunications industry.
_ Offers a global approach whereby developments from around the world are described.
_ Employs the method of building full-scale scenarios as opposed to just identifying trends and making predictions.
Wireless Foresight is an invaluable and provocative read for top and middle management, strategists, business developers, technology managers, and entrepreneurs in the telecom, datacom and infocom industries alike. It is also of great interest to financial analysts and academics.
Hinweis: Dieser Artikel kann nur an eine deutsche Lieferadresse ausgeliefert werden.
Wireless Foresight deals with the development of the wireless communications industry and technology during the coming ten to fifteen years. Telecommunications is a global business of enormous proportions and is one of the largest industries in the world.
Written in a highly accessible and simple to read manner, this book is based around four scenarios of the wireless world in 2015. The focus is on the industry (i.e. infrastructure and terminal vendors, operators, and service developers and providers) as well as on new players.
_ Discusses the long-term developments described in the four scenarios and also short term issues, for example the challenges facing industry.
_ Uncovers important areas for technological research and discusses the critical challenges facing industry, for example; the high cost for infrastructure, the slow spectrum release, the stampeding system complexity, radiation, battery capacity, and the threat of a disruptive market change facing the telecommunications industry.
_ Offers a global approach whereby developments from around the world are described.
_ Employs the method of building full-scale scenarios as opposed to just identifying trends and making predictions.
Wireless Foresight is an invaluable and provocative read for top and middle management, strategists, business developers, technology managers, and entrepreneurs in the telecom, datacom and infocom industries alike. It is also of great interest to financial analysts and academics.
Hinweis: Dieser Artikel kann nur an eine deutsche Lieferadresse ausgeliefert werden.
Produktdetails
- Produktdetails
- Verlag: Wiley & Sons
- 1. Auflage
- Seitenzahl: 256
- Erscheinungstermin: 10. Oktober 2003
- Englisch
- Abmessung: 235mm x 157mm x 18mm
- Gewicht: 495g
- ISBN-13: 9780470858158
- ISBN-10: 047085815X
- Artikelnr.: 11741881
- Herstellerkennzeichnung
- Libri GmbH
- Europaallee 1
- 36244 Bad Hersfeld
- 06621 890
- Verlag: Wiley & Sons
- 1. Auflage
- Seitenzahl: 256
- Erscheinungstermin: 10. Oktober 2003
- Englisch
- Abmessung: 235mm x 157mm x 18mm
- Gewicht: 495g
- ISBN-13: 9780470858158
- ISBN-10: 047085815X
- Artikelnr.: 11741881
- Herstellerkennzeichnung
- Libri GmbH
- Europaallee 1
- 36244 Bad Hersfeld
- 06621 890
Bo Karlson is Wireless@KTH's director of external relations and general manager. He was the manager of the Wireless Foresight project. Karlson holds a Ph.D. in industrial management from the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH). Before joining Wireless@KTH, he was assistant professor in the Department for Industrial Economics and Management at KTH. His areas of expertise include project management. Organizational theory, business models, industrial development, and research methodology. Aurelian Bria is currently pursuing a Ph.D. in the Department of Signals, Sensors and Systems at the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) in Stockholm. He received his M.Sc. degree in electrical engineering from the Politehnica University of Bucharest, Romania, in 1989. In autumn 2000 he joined the Swedish strategic research program Personal computing and Communication (PCC), starting his research in the field of wireless infrastructure. Peter Lönnquist holds an M.Sc. degree in psychology and in 2001 he became a Ph.D. student at the Swedish Graduate School for Human-Machine Interaction. Formerly a member of the Human-Computer Interaction and Language Engineering Laboratory at the Swedish Institute of Computer Science (SICS), he now does research in the design and evaluation of ubiquitous service environments and "the disappearing computer" in the FUSE group at the Department of Computer and Systems Sciences of the IT-University in Kista. Cristian Norlin holds an M.A. in interaction design from the Royal College of Art in London. He also holds a B.Sc. in multimedia education and technology from Stockholm University. Based in Stockholm, he is working as a consultant focusing on human-computer interaction in areas of concept development, interface design for digital technologies and products, and user-centered development processes. Jonas Lind is a researcher at the center for Information and Communications Research (CIC) at Stockholm School of Economics, where his research focus is structural changes during the life cycle of the IT and telecom industry. Before rejoining academia, he was a strategy consultant in an internet consulting firm and a senior advisor at Telia headquarters. Lind holds an M.Sc. in engineering and an Econ. Lic. Degree in business administration.
Preface xiii
1 Introduction 1
The Wireless Industry at a Crossroads 1
Be Prepared for 2015 4
Scenarios of the Wireless World in 2015 4
Challenges for the Future 6
Creating Scenarios 6
Guide to the Book 7
Part I Scenarios 9
2 Wireless Explosion-Creative Destruction 11
A Sunny Berlin Day in 2015 14
The Wireless Scene in 2015 16
Rapidly Growing Industry 16
Industry Fragmentation-Market Leaders Losing Hegemony 17
Debt-Burdened Operators Losing Market Dominance 18
Telco Equipment Vendors Lose to Datacom Attackers 19
Terminal Vendors Attacked from NICs and Datacom
Industry Vendors 20
Active Users Driving Development and Undermining Copyright 21
A Mobile Lifestyle with Increasing Travel 22
An Explosion of Services and Applications 22
Spectrum-Abundant Release for Unlicensed Bands 24
No Real Problems with Integrity, Privacy, and Security 24
Fast Development in China and Other NICs 25
Batteries and Complexity Management No Showstoppers 25
Wireless Technology in 2015 26
A World with Many Different Wireless Systems 26
An Abundance of Services with Various QoS 28
Standardization Has Increased 28
3 Slow Motion 29
Ordinary Life in Stockholm and Business Life in Shanghai 32
A Day in the Life of an Ordinary Swede 32
A Business Day of a Mobile Professional in 2015 33
The Wireless Scene in 2015 35
Economic Recession and 3G Fiasco 35
Health Problems from Radiation 36
Security a Problem Still Waiting to Be Solved 37
The Mobile Lifestyle Loses Ground 38
No Service Explosion 39
Wireless Telecommunication Is a Mature Industry 40
The Big NICs Catching up after a Slow Start 42
Spectrum Shortage Not a Big Problem 43
Power Consumption and Complexity Management as Technical Limitations 44
Wireless Technology in 2015 45
Still Mostly Second-Generation Wireless Networks 45
Simple and Low-Radiating Terminals 46
Few and Basic Services 47
4 Rediscovering Harmony 49
A Weekday Morning in a Small Scandinavian Village 52
The Wireless Scene in 2015 54
A Sustainable Society in Balance with Itself 54
The Backlash for Marketing and Commercial Media 56
Market Segments Driving the Development 57
Less but More Travel 59
A Few Clouds in the Sky 60
The Industry Dilemma: Refocus or Die! 60
Peer-to-Peer Applications and Services a Hit 62
Content IPR Still Unresolved 64
Wireless Technology in 2015 64
Many Local and Few Global Wireless Systems 64
Simple Services 65
Standards 65
5 Big Moguls and Snoopy Governments 67
Early April Morning, Green Haven Gated Community, New York, US 70
The Wireless Scene in 2015 73
Moguls and Governments 73
Security Problems of the 2000s Solved 74
Moguls in Control 76
Slow Development in the NICs 77
Incumbent Telecom Players Keep Control of the Market 77
3G According to Plan 80
Applications and Services Focus on Convenience for the User 80
No Free Airwaves 81
Somewhat of a Complex World 81
Wireless Technology in 2015 82
Few Different Systems 82
Global Networks 82
Wireless and Wired Terminals 83
Quality of Service 83
Few Services but Sophisticated and Popular Services 83
Part II Drivers of Development and Technological Implications 85
6 Trends and Fundamental Drivers 87
Fourteen Trends Shaping the Scenarios 88
Scenario Abbreviations 88
Trend 1: Development Will Be More User Driven 88
Trend 2: User Mobility Will Increase 89
Trend 3: The Service and Application Market Will Grow 90
Trend 4: User Security, Integrity, and Privacy Will Become More Important
91
Trend 5: Real or Perceived Health Problems Due to Radiation Will Become
More Important 92
Trend 6: Environmental Issues Will Become More Important 93
Trend 7: Spectrum Will Become an Increasingly Scarce Resource 94
Trend 8: The Wireless Industry Will Grow 95
Trend 9: The Big NICs Will Continue Their Positive Development 96
Trend 10: Market Concentration in the Wireless Industry Will Change 96
Trend 11: The Fight for Market Dominance in the Wireless Industry Will
Intensify 97
Trend 12: Short Terminal Usage Time and Complexity Management Will Become
Increasingly Important Problems 98
Trend 13: 3G Will Be Implemented 99
Trend 14: Protecting IPR on Content Will Become Increasingly Difficult 100
Fundamental Drivers 101
Technology Drivers 101
Socioeconomic and Political Drivers 104
Business and Industry Drivers 105
Users, Values, and Attitude Drivers 107
Theories Supporting Fundamental Drivers 108
Exponential Growth 108
Microprocessor and Other Growth Paths 109
Exponentially Falling Prices and the Experience Curve 110
Network Effects I (Metcalfe's Law) 110
Network Effects II (Reed's Law) 110
The S-curve and the Product Life Cycle 111
Technology and Market Forces Driving Industry Life Cycles 111
Disruptive Innovations 112
Architectural Shifts in IT and Other Industries 113
Empirical Support for Postmaterialistic Value Shift 114
7 Technological Conclusions from Scenarios 117
System Technology in 2015 118
The Wireless Infrastructure Will Be Heterogeneous 118
Efficient and Very High Rate Air Interfaces Will Exist 118
Traffic Will Be IP Based and Networks Will Be Transparent 119
Much of the Access Infrastructure Will Be Ad Hoc Deployed 119
Cost per Transmitted Bit Will Be Very Small 119
No Harmful Radiation from Base Stations 120
Decreased Power Consumption in the Wireless Systems 120
Mobile Terminals in 2015 120
Terminals Will Have a Wide Range of Shapes and Capabilities 120
Wireless Terminals Will Be Cheap, Very Small, and Modularized 121
Usage Time without Charging Batteries Will Be Very Long 121
User Interfaces Will Be Highly Developed and Advanced 121
M2M Will Be Everywhere 122
Wireless Devices Will Be Harmless to People and the Environment 122
Mobile Services in 2015 122
Wireless Services Will Become a Commodity 123
Services Will Be Independent of Infrastructure and Terminals 123
Telepresence and Emotional Communication Will Be Available 123
Content Will Be Personalized According to User Demand and Location 124
Global Roaming and Seamless Services Will Be Possible 124
Broadband Services Will Be Available for All Transportation Systems 124
The End User Will Be Always Best Connected 124
Powerful Computers Will Be Everywhere 125
Very High Levels of Security Will Be Provided 125
Part III Challenges for the Future 127
8 Challenges for Technical Research 129
Low-Cost Infrastructure and Services 129
Seamless Mobility 132
New and Advanced Services 134
Usability and Human-Machine Interface 135
Health and Environment 136
A Need for Cross-Disciplinary Research 137
9 Challenges for the Wireless Industry 139
Introduction 139
The Challenges 139
Threat from Disruptive Market Change 139
Speed up the Process of Spectrum Release 140
3G and the Telco Debt Threat 141
Complexity Management 141
Radiation a Problem, Real or Perceived 142
Better Batteries in Wireless Devices 142
Usability and the User in Focus 142
Cheaper Infrastructure and Viable Business Models 143
A Phone for Everyone 143
All Industries Mature 143
10 Challenges for Key Regions 145
US 146
An Immature Market for Mobile Services Waiting to Catch Up 146
Fragmented Operator Industry Being Consolidated 147
Multiple Cellular Network Standards 148
WLAN: A Market Growing Rapidly 148
Rather Weak Telco Vendor Industry 149
Poor Coverage 150
Lack of Spectrum Leading to Limited Capacity 150
The Threat of Terrorism and Crime 151
Europe 152
The GSM World Leader 152
Problems with Seamless Mobile Access 153
Telecom Debt Crisis 153
Strong in Telecom, Weak in Datacom 154
Health and the Environment Taken Seriously 154
Stagnation and Overregulated Economies 154
China 155
An Opaque and Overregulated Economy 156
Political Instability 156
Risks of Complacency 156
Challenges for the Chinese Wireless Industry 157
Risks and Opportunities with Chinese 3G Standard Wars 158
Japan and South Korea 158
Leading the Way into the Wireless Future 159
Oligopoly in the Operator Industry 160
Multiple Standards for 2.5G and 3G 160
A Slow Start for 3G 161
A Saturated Voice Market 161
3G Terminals Expensive to Subsidize 162
4G Already 162
No Major Infrastructure Vendors from Japan and Korea 162
The Japanese Recession 163
Political Uncertainty on the Korean Peninsula 163
Part IV Moving into the Future with Scenarios 165
11 Scenario Thinking and Scenario Making 167
Logics of Scenario Creation 167
Our Approach: Trends 168
Driving Forces: What Do We Care About? 169
Fundamental Drivers: What Do We Know? 169
Critical Uncertainties: What Do We Not Know? 170
Making Our Scenarios 170
Creating the Scenarios and Key Research Issues 171
Weak Signals and Provocative Questions 172
Information and Feedback 173
Commissioned Studies 174
Other Studies about the Future 174
The PCC Research Program 174
The WWRF Book of Visions 175
Swedish Technology Foresight 176
Beyond Mobile 177
Other Scenarios 177
12 Summary and Concluding Remarks 179
The Book in Brief 179
Wireless Explosion-Creative Destruction 180
Slow Motion 182
Rediscovering Harmony 184
Big Moguls and Snoopy Governments 187
Trends and Fundamental Drivers 189
Technological Conclusions from the Scenarios 191
Challenges for Research, Industry, and Key Regions 192
Moving into the Future 199
Dear Reader in 2015 201
Appendixes 203
Appendix A User Segments 205
Moklofs 205
Yupplots 206
Elders 207
Mobile Professionals 207
Industrial Users 208
Appendix B Wireless Foresight at Wireless@KTH 209
The Wireless Foresight Project 209
Wireless@KTH and the Vision-Driven Research Approach 210
Glossary 211
References 215
Author Biographies 219
Index 221
1 Introduction 1
The Wireless Industry at a Crossroads 1
Be Prepared for 2015 4
Scenarios of the Wireless World in 2015 4
Challenges for the Future 6
Creating Scenarios 6
Guide to the Book 7
Part I Scenarios 9
2 Wireless Explosion-Creative Destruction 11
A Sunny Berlin Day in 2015 14
The Wireless Scene in 2015 16
Rapidly Growing Industry 16
Industry Fragmentation-Market Leaders Losing Hegemony 17
Debt-Burdened Operators Losing Market Dominance 18
Telco Equipment Vendors Lose to Datacom Attackers 19
Terminal Vendors Attacked from NICs and Datacom
Industry Vendors 20
Active Users Driving Development and Undermining Copyright 21
A Mobile Lifestyle with Increasing Travel 22
An Explosion of Services and Applications 22
Spectrum-Abundant Release for Unlicensed Bands 24
No Real Problems with Integrity, Privacy, and Security 24
Fast Development in China and Other NICs 25
Batteries and Complexity Management No Showstoppers 25
Wireless Technology in 2015 26
A World with Many Different Wireless Systems 26
An Abundance of Services with Various QoS 28
Standardization Has Increased 28
3 Slow Motion 29
Ordinary Life in Stockholm and Business Life in Shanghai 32
A Day in the Life of an Ordinary Swede 32
A Business Day of a Mobile Professional in 2015 33
The Wireless Scene in 2015 35
Economic Recession and 3G Fiasco 35
Health Problems from Radiation 36
Security a Problem Still Waiting to Be Solved 37
The Mobile Lifestyle Loses Ground 38
No Service Explosion 39
Wireless Telecommunication Is a Mature Industry 40
The Big NICs Catching up after a Slow Start 42
Spectrum Shortage Not a Big Problem 43
Power Consumption and Complexity Management as Technical Limitations 44
Wireless Technology in 2015 45
Still Mostly Second-Generation Wireless Networks 45
Simple and Low-Radiating Terminals 46
Few and Basic Services 47
4 Rediscovering Harmony 49
A Weekday Morning in a Small Scandinavian Village 52
The Wireless Scene in 2015 54
A Sustainable Society in Balance with Itself 54
The Backlash for Marketing and Commercial Media 56
Market Segments Driving the Development 57
Less but More Travel 59
A Few Clouds in the Sky 60
The Industry Dilemma: Refocus or Die! 60
Peer-to-Peer Applications and Services a Hit 62
Content IPR Still Unresolved 64
Wireless Technology in 2015 64
Many Local and Few Global Wireless Systems 64
Simple Services 65
Standards 65
5 Big Moguls and Snoopy Governments 67
Early April Morning, Green Haven Gated Community, New York, US 70
The Wireless Scene in 2015 73
Moguls and Governments 73
Security Problems of the 2000s Solved 74
Moguls in Control 76
Slow Development in the NICs 77
Incumbent Telecom Players Keep Control of the Market 77
3G According to Plan 80
Applications and Services Focus on Convenience for the User 80
No Free Airwaves 81
Somewhat of a Complex World 81
Wireless Technology in 2015 82
Few Different Systems 82
Global Networks 82
Wireless and Wired Terminals 83
Quality of Service 83
Few Services but Sophisticated and Popular Services 83
Part II Drivers of Development and Technological Implications 85
6 Trends and Fundamental Drivers 87
Fourteen Trends Shaping the Scenarios 88
Scenario Abbreviations 88
Trend 1: Development Will Be More User Driven 88
Trend 2: User Mobility Will Increase 89
Trend 3: The Service and Application Market Will Grow 90
Trend 4: User Security, Integrity, and Privacy Will Become More Important
91
Trend 5: Real or Perceived Health Problems Due to Radiation Will Become
More Important 92
Trend 6: Environmental Issues Will Become More Important 93
Trend 7: Spectrum Will Become an Increasingly Scarce Resource 94
Trend 8: The Wireless Industry Will Grow 95
Trend 9: The Big NICs Will Continue Their Positive Development 96
Trend 10: Market Concentration in the Wireless Industry Will Change 96
Trend 11: The Fight for Market Dominance in the Wireless Industry Will
Intensify 97
Trend 12: Short Terminal Usage Time and Complexity Management Will Become
Increasingly Important Problems 98
Trend 13: 3G Will Be Implemented 99
Trend 14: Protecting IPR on Content Will Become Increasingly Difficult 100
Fundamental Drivers 101
Technology Drivers 101
Socioeconomic and Political Drivers 104
Business and Industry Drivers 105
Users, Values, and Attitude Drivers 107
Theories Supporting Fundamental Drivers 108
Exponential Growth 108
Microprocessor and Other Growth Paths 109
Exponentially Falling Prices and the Experience Curve 110
Network Effects I (Metcalfe's Law) 110
Network Effects II (Reed's Law) 110
The S-curve and the Product Life Cycle 111
Technology and Market Forces Driving Industry Life Cycles 111
Disruptive Innovations 112
Architectural Shifts in IT and Other Industries 113
Empirical Support for Postmaterialistic Value Shift 114
7 Technological Conclusions from Scenarios 117
System Technology in 2015 118
The Wireless Infrastructure Will Be Heterogeneous 118
Efficient and Very High Rate Air Interfaces Will Exist 118
Traffic Will Be IP Based and Networks Will Be Transparent 119
Much of the Access Infrastructure Will Be Ad Hoc Deployed 119
Cost per Transmitted Bit Will Be Very Small 119
No Harmful Radiation from Base Stations 120
Decreased Power Consumption in the Wireless Systems 120
Mobile Terminals in 2015 120
Terminals Will Have a Wide Range of Shapes and Capabilities 120
Wireless Terminals Will Be Cheap, Very Small, and Modularized 121
Usage Time without Charging Batteries Will Be Very Long 121
User Interfaces Will Be Highly Developed and Advanced 121
M2M Will Be Everywhere 122
Wireless Devices Will Be Harmless to People and the Environment 122
Mobile Services in 2015 122
Wireless Services Will Become a Commodity 123
Services Will Be Independent of Infrastructure and Terminals 123
Telepresence and Emotional Communication Will Be Available 123
Content Will Be Personalized According to User Demand and Location 124
Global Roaming and Seamless Services Will Be Possible 124
Broadband Services Will Be Available for All Transportation Systems 124
The End User Will Be Always Best Connected 124
Powerful Computers Will Be Everywhere 125
Very High Levels of Security Will Be Provided 125
Part III Challenges for the Future 127
8 Challenges for Technical Research 129
Low-Cost Infrastructure and Services 129
Seamless Mobility 132
New and Advanced Services 134
Usability and Human-Machine Interface 135
Health and Environment 136
A Need for Cross-Disciplinary Research 137
9 Challenges for the Wireless Industry 139
Introduction 139
The Challenges 139
Threat from Disruptive Market Change 139
Speed up the Process of Spectrum Release 140
3G and the Telco Debt Threat 141
Complexity Management 141
Radiation a Problem, Real or Perceived 142
Better Batteries in Wireless Devices 142
Usability and the User in Focus 142
Cheaper Infrastructure and Viable Business Models 143
A Phone for Everyone 143
All Industries Mature 143
10 Challenges for Key Regions 145
US 146
An Immature Market for Mobile Services Waiting to Catch Up 146
Fragmented Operator Industry Being Consolidated 147
Multiple Cellular Network Standards 148
WLAN: A Market Growing Rapidly 148
Rather Weak Telco Vendor Industry 149
Poor Coverage 150
Lack of Spectrum Leading to Limited Capacity 150
The Threat of Terrorism and Crime 151
Europe 152
The GSM World Leader 152
Problems with Seamless Mobile Access 153
Telecom Debt Crisis 153
Strong in Telecom, Weak in Datacom 154
Health and the Environment Taken Seriously 154
Stagnation and Overregulated Economies 154
China 155
An Opaque and Overregulated Economy 156
Political Instability 156
Risks of Complacency 156
Challenges for the Chinese Wireless Industry 157
Risks and Opportunities with Chinese 3G Standard Wars 158
Japan and South Korea 158
Leading the Way into the Wireless Future 159
Oligopoly in the Operator Industry 160
Multiple Standards for 2.5G and 3G 160
A Slow Start for 3G 161
A Saturated Voice Market 161
3G Terminals Expensive to Subsidize 162
4G Already 162
No Major Infrastructure Vendors from Japan and Korea 162
The Japanese Recession 163
Political Uncertainty on the Korean Peninsula 163
Part IV Moving into the Future with Scenarios 165
11 Scenario Thinking and Scenario Making 167
Logics of Scenario Creation 167
Our Approach: Trends 168
Driving Forces: What Do We Care About? 169
Fundamental Drivers: What Do We Know? 169
Critical Uncertainties: What Do We Not Know? 170
Making Our Scenarios 170
Creating the Scenarios and Key Research Issues 171
Weak Signals and Provocative Questions 172
Information and Feedback 173
Commissioned Studies 174
Other Studies about the Future 174
The PCC Research Program 174
The WWRF Book of Visions 175
Swedish Technology Foresight 176
Beyond Mobile 177
Other Scenarios 177
12 Summary and Concluding Remarks 179
The Book in Brief 179
Wireless Explosion-Creative Destruction 180
Slow Motion 182
Rediscovering Harmony 184
Big Moguls and Snoopy Governments 187
Trends and Fundamental Drivers 189
Technological Conclusions from the Scenarios 191
Challenges for Research, Industry, and Key Regions 192
Moving into the Future 199
Dear Reader in 2015 201
Appendixes 203
Appendix A User Segments 205
Moklofs 205
Yupplots 206
Elders 207
Mobile Professionals 207
Industrial Users 208
Appendix B Wireless Foresight at Wireless@KTH 209
The Wireless Foresight Project 209
Wireless@KTH and the Vision-Driven Research Approach 210
Glossary 211
References 215
Author Biographies 219
Index 221
Preface xiii
1 Introduction 1
The Wireless Industry at a Crossroads 1
Be Prepared for 2015 4
Scenarios of the Wireless World in 2015 4
Challenges for the Future 6
Creating Scenarios 6
Guide to the Book 7
Part I Scenarios 9
2 Wireless Explosion-Creative Destruction 11
A Sunny Berlin Day in 2015 14
The Wireless Scene in 2015 16
Rapidly Growing Industry 16
Industry Fragmentation-Market Leaders Losing Hegemony 17
Debt-Burdened Operators Losing Market Dominance 18
Telco Equipment Vendors Lose to Datacom Attackers 19
Terminal Vendors Attacked from NICs and Datacom
Industry Vendors 20
Active Users Driving Development and Undermining Copyright 21
A Mobile Lifestyle with Increasing Travel 22
An Explosion of Services and Applications 22
Spectrum-Abundant Release for Unlicensed Bands 24
No Real Problems with Integrity, Privacy, and Security 24
Fast Development in China and Other NICs 25
Batteries and Complexity Management No Showstoppers 25
Wireless Technology in 2015 26
A World with Many Different Wireless Systems 26
An Abundance of Services with Various QoS 28
Standardization Has Increased 28
3 Slow Motion 29
Ordinary Life in Stockholm and Business Life in Shanghai 32
A Day in the Life of an Ordinary Swede 32
A Business Day of a Mobile Professional in 2015 33
The Wireless Scene in 2015 35
Economic Recession and 3G Fiasco 35
Health Problems from Radiation 36
Security a Problem Still Waiting to Be Solved 37
The Mobile Lifestyle Loses Ground 38
No Service Explosion 39
Wireless Telecommunication Is a Mature Industry 40
The Big NICs Catching up after a Slow Start 42
Spectrum Shortage Not a Big Problem 43
Power Consumption and Complexity Management as Technical Limitations 44
Wireless Technology in 2015 45
Still Mostly Second-Generation Wireless Networks 45
Simple and Low-Radiating Terminals 46
Few and Basic Services 47
4 Rediscovering Harmony 49
A Weekday Morning in a Small Scandinavian Village 52
The Wireless Scene in 2015 54
A Sustainable Society in Balance with Itself 54
The Backlash for Marketing and Commercial Media 56
Market Segments Driving the Development 57
Less but More Travel 59
A Few Clouds in the Sky 60
The Industry Dilemma: Refocus or Die! 60
Peer-to-Peer Applications and Services a Hit 62
Content IPR Still Unresolved 64
Wireless Technology in 2015 64
Many Local and Few Global Wireless Systems 64
Simple Services 65
Standards 65
5 Big Moguls and Snoopy Governments 67
Early April Morning, Green Haven Gated Community, New York, US 70
The Wireless Scene in 2015 73
Moguls and Governments 73
Security Problems of the 2000s Solved 74
Moguls in Control 76
Slow Development in the NICs 77
Incumbent Telecom Players Keep Control of the Market 77
3G According to Plan 80
Applications and Services Focus on Convenience for the User 80
No Free Airwaves 81
Somewhat of a Complex World 81
Wireless Technology in 2015 82
Few Different Systems 82
Global Networks 82
Wireless and Wired Terminals 83
Quality of Service 83
Few Services but Sophisticated and Popular Services 83
Part II Drivers of Development and Technological Implications 85
6 Trends and Fundamental Drivers 87
Fourteen Trends Shaping the Scenarios 88
Scenario Abbreviations 88
Trend 1: Development Will Be More User Driven 88
Trend 2: User Mobility Will Increase 89
Trend 3: The Service and Application Market Will Grow 90
Trend 4: User Security, Integrity, and Privacy Will Become More Important
91
Trend 5: Real or Perceived Health Problems Due to Radiation Will Become
More Important 92
Trend 6: Environmental Issues Will Become More Important 93
Trend 7: Spectrum Will Become an Increasingly Scarce Resource 94
Trend 8: The Wireless Industry Will Grow 95
Trend 9: The Big NICs Will Continue Their Positive Development 96
Trend 10: Market Concentration in the Wireless Industry Will Change 96
Trend 11: The Fight for Market Dominance in the Wireless Industry Will
Intensify 97
Trend 12: Short Terminal Usage Time and Complexity Management Will Become
Increasingly Important Problems 98
Trend 13: 3G Will Be Implemented 99
Trend 14: Protecting IPR on Content Will Become Increasingly Difficult 100
Fundamental Drivers 101
Technology Drivers 101
Socioeconomic and Political Drivers 104
Business and Industry Drivers 105
Users, Values, and Attitude Drivers 107
Theories Supporting Fundamental Drivers 108
Exponential Growth 108
Microprocessor and Other Growth Paths 109
Exponentially Falling Prices and the Experience Curve 110
Network Effects I (Metcalfe's Law) 110
Network Effects II (Reed's Law) 110
The S-curve and the Product Life Cycle 111
Technology and Market Forces Driving Industry Life Cycles 111
Disruptive Innovations 112
Architectural Shifts in IT and Other Industries 113
Empirical Support for Postmaterialistic Value Shift 114
7 Technological Conclusions from Scenarios 117
System Technology in 2015 118
The Wireless Infrastructure Will Be Heterogeneous 118
Efficient and Very High Rate Air Interfaces Will Exist 118
Traffic Will Be IP Based and Networks Will Be Transparent 119
Much of the Access Infrastructure Will Be Ad Hoc Deployed 119
Cost per Transmitted Bit Will Be Very Small 119
No Harmful Radiation from Base Stations 120
Decreased Power Consumption in the Wireless Systems 120
Mobile Terminals in 2015 120
Terminals Will Have a Wide Range of Shapes and Capabilities 120
Wireless Terminals Will Be Cheap, Very Small, and Modularized 121
Usage Time without Charging Batteries Will Be Very Long 121
User Interfaces Will Be Highly Developed and Advanced 121
M2M Will Be Everywhere 122
Wireless Devices Will Be Harmless to People and the Environment 122
Mobile Services in 2015 122
Wireless Services Will Become a Commodity 123
Services Will Be Independent of Infrastructure and Terminals 123
Telepresence and Emotional Communication Will Be Available 123
Content Will Be Personalized According to User Demand and Location 124
Global Roaming and Seamless Services Will Be Possible 124
Broadband Services Will Be Available for All Transportation Systems 124
The End User Will Be Always Best Connected 124
Powerful Computers Will Be Everywhere 125
Very High Levels of Security Will Be Provided 125
Part III Challenges for the Future 127
8 Challenges for Technical Research 129
Low-Cost Infrastructure and Services 129
Seamless Mobility 132
New and Advanced Services 134
Usability and Human-Machine Interface 135
Health and Environment 136
A Need for Cross-Disciplinary Research 137
9 Challenges for the Wireless Industry 139
Introduction 139
The Challenges 139
Threat from Disruptive Market Change 139
Speed up the Process of Spectrum Release 140
3G and the Telco Debt Threat 141
Complexity Management 141
Radiation a Problem, Real or Perceived 142
Better Batteries in Wireless Devices 142
Usability and the User in Focus 142
Cheaper Infrastructure and Viable Business Models 143
A Phone for Everyone 143
All Industries Mature 143
10 Challenges for Key Regions 145
US 146
An Immature Market for Mobile Services Waiting to Catch Up 146
Fragmented Operator Industry Being Consolidated 147
Multiple Cellular Network Standards 148
WLAN: A Market Growing Rapidly 148
Rather Weak Telco Vendor Industry 149
Poor Coverage 150
Lack of Spectrum Leading to Limited Capacity 150
The Threat of Terrorism and Crime 151
Europe 152
The GSM World Leader 152
Problems with Seamless Mobile Access 153
Telecom Debt Crisis 153
Strong in Telecom, Weak in Datacom 154
Health and the Environment Taken Seriously 154
Stagnation and Overregulated Economies 154
China 155
An Opaque and Overregulated Economy 156
Political Instability 156
Risks of Complacency 156
Challenges for the Chinese Wireless Industry 157
Risks and Opportunities with Chinese 3G Standard Wars 158
Japan and South Korea 158
Leading the Way into the Wireless Future 159
Oligopoly in the Operator Industry 160
Multiple Standards for 2.5G and 3G 160
A Slow Start for 3G 161
A Saturated Voice Market 161
3G Terminals Expensive to Subsidize 162
4G Already 162
No Major Infrastructure Vendors from Japan and Korea 162
The Japanese Recession 163
Political Uncertainty on the Korean Peninsula 163
Part IV Moving into the Future with Scenarios 165
11 Scenario Thinking and Scenario Making 167
Logics of Scenario Creation 167
Our Approach: Trends 168
Driving Forces: What Do We Care About? 169
Fundamental Drivers: What Do We Know? 169
Critical Uncertainties: What Do We Not Know? 170
Making Our Scenarios 170
Creating the Scenarios and Key Research Issues 171
Weak Signals and Provocative Questions 172
Information and Feedback 173
Commissioned Studies 174
Other Studies about the Future 174
The PCC Research Program 174
The WWRF Book of Visions 175
Swedish Technology Foresight 176
Beyond Mobile 177
Other Scenarios 177
12 Summary and Concluding Remarks 179
The Book in Brief 179
Wireless Explosion-Creative Destruction 180
Slow Motion 182
Rediscovering Harmony 184
Big Moguls and Snoopy Governments 187
Trends and Fundamental Drivers 189
Technological Conclusions from the Scenarios 191
Challenges for Research, Industry, and Key Regions 192
Moving into the Future 199
Dear Reader in 2015 201
Appendixes 203
Appendix A User Segments 205
Moklofs 205
Yupplots 206
Elders 207
Mobile Professionals 207
Industrial Users 208
Appendix B Wireless Foresight at Wireless@KTH 209
The Wireless Foresight Project 209
Wireless@KTH and the Vision-Driven Research Approach 210
Glossary 211
References 215
Author Biographies 219
Index 221
1 Introduction 1
The Wireless Industry at a Crossroads 1
Be Prepared for 2015 4
Scenarios of the Wireless World in 2015 4
Challenges for the Future 6
Creating Scenarios 6
Guide to the Book 7
Part I Scenarios 9
2 Wireless Explosion-Creative Destruction 11
A Sunny Berlin Day in 2015 14
The Wireless Scene in 2015 16
Rapidly Growing Industry 16
Industry Fragmentation-Market Leaders Losing Hegemony 17
Debt-Burdened Operators Losing Market Dominance 18
Telco Equipment Vendors Lose to Datacom Attackers 19
Terminal Vendors Attacked from NICs and Datacom
Industry Vendors 20
Active Users Driving Development and Undermining Copyright 21
A Mobile Lifestyle with Increasing Travel 22
An Explosion of Services and Applications 22
Spectrum-Abundant Release for Unlicensed Bands 24
No Real Problems with Integrity, Privacy, and Security 24
Fast Development in China and Other NICs 25
Batteries and Complexity Management No Showstoppers 25
Wireless Technology in 2015 26
A World with Many Different Wireless Systems 26
An Abundance of Services with Various QoS 28
Standardization Has Increased 28
3 Slow Motion 29
Ordinary Life in Stockholm and Business Life in Shanghai 32
A Day in the Life of an Ordinary Swede 32
A Business Day of a Mobile Professional in 2015 33
The Wireless Scene in 2015 35
Economic Recession and 3G Fiasco 35
Health Problems from Radiation 36
Security a Problem Still Waiting to Be Solved 37
The Mobile Lifestyle Loses Ground 38
No Service Explosion 39
Wireless Telecommunication Is a Mature Industry 40
The Big NICs Catching up after a Slow Start 42
Spectrum Shortage Not a Big Problem 43
Power Consumption and Complexity Management as Technical Limitations 44
Wireless Technology in 2015 45
Still Mostly Second-Generation Wireless Networks 45
Simple and Low-Radiating Terminals 46
Few and Basic Services 47
4 Rediscovering Harmony 49
A Weekday Morning in a Small Scandinavian Village 52
The Wireless Scene in 2015 54
A Sustainable Society in Balance with Itself 54
The Backlash for Marketing and Commercial Media 56
Market Segments Driving the Development 57
Less but More Travel 59
A Few Clouds in the Sky 60
The Industry Dilemma: Refocus or Die! 60
Peer-to-Peer Applications and Services a Hit 62
Content IPR Still Unresolved 64
Wireless Technology in 2015 64
Many Local and Few Global Wireless Systems 64
Simple Services 65
Standards 65
5 Big Moguls and Snoopy Governments 67
Early April Morning, Green Haven Gated Community, New York, US 70
The Wireless Scene in 2015 73
Moguls and Governments 73
Security Problems of the 2000s Solved 74
Moguls in Control 76
Slow Development in the NICs 77
Incumbent Telecom Players Keep Control of the Market 77
3G According to Plan 80
Applications and Services Focus on Convenience for the User 80
No Free Airwaves 81
Somewhat of a Complex World 81
Wireless Technology in 2015 82
Few Different Systems 82
Global Networks 82
Wireless and Wired Terminals 83
Quality of Service 83
Few Services but Sophisticated and Popular Services 83
Part II Drivers of Development and Technological Implications 85
6 Trends and Fundamental Drivers 87
Fourteen Trends Shaping the Scenarios 88
Scenario Abbreviations 88
Trend 1: Development Will Be More User Driven 88
Trend 2: User Mobility Will Increase 89
Trend 3: The Service and Application Market Will Grow 90
Trend 4: User Security, Integrity, and Privacy Will Become More Important
91
Trend 5: Real or Perceived Health Problems Due to Radiation Will Become
More Important 92
Trend 6: Environmental Issues Will Become More Important 93
Trend 7: Spectrum Will Become an Increasingly Scarce Resource 94
Trend 8: The Wireless Industry Will Grow 95
Trend 9: The Big NICs Will Continue Their Positive Development 96
Trend 10: Market Concentration in the Wireless Industry Will Change 96
Trend 11: The Fight for Market Dominance in the Wireless Industry Will
Intensify 97
Trend 12: Short Terminal Usage Time and Complexity Management Will Become
Increasingly Important Problems 98
Trend 13: 3G Will Be Implemented 99
Trend 14: Protecting IPR on Content Will Become Increasingly Difficult 100
Fundamental Drivers 101
Technology Drivers 101
Socioeconomic and Political Drivers 104
Business and Industry Drivers 105
Users, Values, and Attitude Drivers 107
Theories Supporting Fundamental Drivers 108
Exponential Growth 108
Microprocessor and Other Growth Paths 109
Exponentially Falling Prices and the Experience Curve 110
Network Effects I (Metcalfe's Law) 110
Network Effects II (Reed's Law) 110
The S-curve and the Product Life Cycle 111
Technology and Market Forces Driving Industry Life Cycles 111
Disruptive Innovations 112
Architectural Shifts in IT and Other Industries 113
Empirical Support for Postmaterialistic Value Shift 114
7 Technological Conclusions from Scenarios 117
System Technology in 2015 118
The Wireless Infrastructure Will Be Heterogeneous 118
Efficient and Very High Rate Air Interfaces Will Exist 118
Traffic Will Be IP Based and Networks Will Be Transparent 119
Much of the Access Infrastructure Will Be Ad Hoc Deployed 119
Cost per Transmitted Bit Will Be Very Small 119
No Harmful Radiation from Base Stations 120
Decreased Power Consumption in the Wireless Systems 120
Mobile Terminals in 2015 120
Terminals Will Have a Wide Range of Shapes and Capabilities 120
Wireless Terminals Will Be Cheap, Very Small, and Modularized 121
Usage Time without Charging Batteries Will Be Very Long 121
User Interfaces Will Be Highly Developed and Advanced 121
M2M Will Be Everywhere 122
Wireless Devices Will Be Harmless to People and the Environment 122
Mobile Services in 2015 122
Wireless Services Will Become a Commodity 123
Services Will Be Independent of Infrastructure and Terminals 123
Telepresence and Emotional Communication Will Be Available 123
Content Will Be Personalized According to User Demand and Location 124
Global Roaming and Seamless Services Will Be Possible 124
Broadband Services Will Be Available for All Transportation Systems 124
The End User Will Be Always Best Connected 124
Powerful Computers Will Be Everywhere 125
Very High Levels of Security Will Be Provided 125
Part III Challenges for the Future 127
8 Challenges for Technical Research 129
Low-Cost Infrastructure and Services 129
Seamless Mobility 132
New and Advanced Services 134
Usability and Human-Machine Interface 135
Health and Environment 136
A Need for Cross-Disciplinary Research 137
9 Challenges for the Wireless Industry 139
Introduction 139
The Challenges 139
Threat from Disruptive Market Change 139
Speed up the Process of Spectrum Release 140
3G and the Telco Debt Threat 141
Complexity Management 141
Radiation a Problem, Real or Perceived 142
Better Batteries in Wireless Devices 142
Usability and the User in Focus 142
Cheaper Infrastructure and Viable Business Models 143
A Phone for Everyone 143
All Industries Mature 143
10 Challenges for Key Regions 145
US 146
An Immature Market for Mobile Services Waiting to Catch Up 146
Fragmented Operator Industry Being Consolidated 147
Multiple Cellular Network Standards 148
WLAN: A Market Growing Rapidly 148
Rather Weak Telco Vendor Industry 149
Poor Coverage 150
Lack of Spectrum Leading to Limited Capacity 150
The Threat of Terrorism and Crime 151
Europe 152
The GSM World Leader 152
Problems with Seamless Mobile Access 153
Telecom Debt Crisis 153
Strong in Telecom, Weak in Datacom 154
Health and the Environment Taken Seriously 154
Stagnation and Overregulated Economies 154
China 155
An Opaque and Overregulated Economy 156
Political Instability 156
Risks of Complacency 156
Challenges for the Chinese Wireless Industry 157
Risks and Opportunities with Chinese 3G Standard Wars 158
Japan and South Korea 158
Leading the Way into the Wireless Future 159
Oligopoly in the Operator Industry 160
Multiple Standards for 2.5G and 3G 160
A Slow Start for 3G 161
A Saturated Voice Market 161
3G Terminals Expensive to Subsidize 162
4G Already 162
No Major Infrastructure Vendors from Japan and Korea 162
The Japanese Recession 163
Political Uncertainty on the Korean Peninsula 163
Part IV Moving into the Future with Scenarios 165
11 Scenario Thinking and Scenario Making 167
Logics of Scenario Creation 167
Our Approach: Trends 168
Driving Forces: What Do We Care About? 169
Fundamental Drivers: What Do We Know? 169
Critical Uncertainties: What Do We Not Know? 170
Making Our Scenarios 170
Creating the Scenarios and Key Research Issues 171
Weak Signals and Provocative Questions 172
Information and Feedback 173
Commissioned Studies 174
Other Studies about the Future 174
The PCC Research Program 174
The WWRF Book of Visions 175
Swedish Technology Foresight 176
Beyond Mobile 177
Other Scenarios 177
12 Summary and Concluding Remarks 179
The Book in Brief 179
Wireless Explosion-Creative Destruction 180
Slow Motion 182
Rediscovering Harmony 184
Big Moguls and Snoopy Governments 187
Trends and Fundamental Drivers 189
Technological Conclusions from the Scenarios 191
Challenges for Research, Industry, and Key Regions 192
Moving into the Future 199
Dear Reader in 2015 201
Appendixes 203
Appendix A User Segments 205
Moklofs 205
Yupplots 206
Elders 207
Mobile Professionals 207
Industrial Users 208
Appendix B Wireless Foresight at Wireless@KTH 209
The Wireless Foresight Project 209
Wireless@KTH and the Vision-Driven Research Approach 210
Glossary 211
References 215
Author Biographies 219
Index 221