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This pocket sized writing support includes grammar basics and sourcing information in an ultra brief format. The Maimon handbooks support student and instructor success by consistently presenting and using the writing situation as a framework for beginning, analyzing and navigating any type of writing. Start Smart offers an easy, step-by-step process map to navigate three common types of writing assignments. Other new features support critical thinking and deeper understandings of common assignments. Its digital program addresses critical instructor and administrator needs with adaptive…mehr
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This pocket sized writing support includes grammar basics and sourcing information in an ultra brief format. The Maimon handbooks support student and instructor success by consistently presenting and using the writing situation as a framework for beginning, analyzing and navigating any type of writing. Start Smart offers an easy, step-by-step process map to navigate three common types of writing assignments. Other new features support critical thinking and deeper understandings of common assignments. Its digital program addresses critical instructor and administrator needs with adaptive diagnostic tools, individualized learning plans, peer review, and outcomes based assessment. It is the only program for composition that fully integrates into the Blackboard CMS for single sign on and autosync for all assignment and grade book utilities.
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Hinweis: Dieser Artikel kann nur an eine deutsche Lieferadresse ausgeliefert werden.
Produktdetails
- Produktdetails
- Verlag: McGraw Hill LLC
- Revised
- Seitenzahl: 464
- Erscheinungstermin: März 2012
- Englisch
- Abmessung: 213mm x 127mm x 20mm
- Gewicht: 408g
- ISBN-13: 9780073384054
- ISBN-10: 0073384054
- Artikelnr.: 36082402
- Verlag: McGraw Hill LLC
- Revised
- Seitenzahl: 464
- Erscheinungstermin: März 2012
- Englisch
- Abmessung: 213mm x 127mm x 20mm
- Gewicht: 408g
- ISBN-13: 9780073384054
- ISBN-10: 0073384054
- Artikelnr.: 36082402
Elaine P. Maimon is President of Governors State University in the south suburbs of Chicago, where she is also Professor of English. Previously she was Chancellor of the University of Alaska Anchorage, Provost (Chief Campus Officer) at Arizona State University West, and Vice President of Arizona State University as a whole. In the 1970s, she initiated and then directed the Beaver College writing-across-the-curriculum program, one of the first WAC programs in the nation. A founding Executive Board member of the National Council of Writing Program Administrators (WPA), she has directed national institutes to improve the teaching of writing and to disseminate the principles of writing across the curriculum. With a PhD in English from the University of Pennsylvania, where she later helped to create the Writing Across the University (WATU) program, she has also taught and served as an academic administrator at Haverford College, Brown University, and Queens College.
Part 1 Common Assignments across the Curriculum 1 *Indicates a new section
or a chapter/section with major revisions. In addition, content is being
updated and revised throughout.
1. Writing in College 2 a. Learning about college assignments b. Learning
how to understand assignments *c. The Writing Situation 2. Informative
Reports 5a. Understanding the assignmentb. Approaching writing an
informative report as a process3. Interpretive Analyses and Writing about
Literature 7a. Understanding the assignmentb. Approaching writing an
interpretive analysis as a process4. Arguments 11a. Understanding the
assignmentb. Approaching writing an argument as a process5. Other Kinds of
Assignments 20a. Personal essaysb. Lab reports in the experimental
sciencesc. Case studies in the social sciencesd. Essay examse. Oral
presentationsf. Coauthored projectsg. Portfolios6. Designing Academic Texts
32*a. Considering audience and purpose *b. Using electronic tools c.
Thinking intentionally about design *d. Using and integrating visuals,
audio, and video *e. Designing pages for the Web *f. Creating blogs and
wikis
Part 2 Researching 49
7. Understanding the Purpose of Research Projects 50a. Understanding
primary and secondary researchb. Recognizing the connection between
research and college writing*c. Understanding the research assignmentd.
Choosing an interesting research question e. Creating a research plan8.
Finding Print and Online Sources 56a. Consulting various kinds of sourcesb.
Keyword searchesc. Using the library d. Searching the Internet9. Evaluating
Your Sources 67a. Questioning all sourcesb. Questioning Internet sourcesc.
Evaluating a source's arguments*10. Finding and Creating Effective Visuals
71 a. Finding quantitative data and displaying it visually b. Searching for
appropriate images in online and print sources11. Conducting Research in
the Archive, Field, and Lab 75a. Adhering to ethical principlesb. Preparing
for archival researchc. Planning your field researchd. Keeping a notebook
when doing lab research*12. Working with Sources and Avoiding Plagiarism
79a. Maintaining a working bibliographyb. Creating an annotated
bibliography c. Note taking d. Paraphrasing, summarizing, and quoting
sources e. Avoiding plagiarism and copyright infringement 13. Writing the
Paper 92a. Planning and draftingb. Integrating quotationsc. Documenting
your sources
Part 3 MLA Documentation Style 99
*14. MLA Style: In-Text Citations 104MLA In-Text Citations: Directory to
Sample Types*15. MLA Style: List of Works Cited116MLA Works-Cited Entries:
Directory to Sample Types16. MLA Style: Explanatory Notes and
Acknowledgments 15017. MLA Style: Format 151*18. Pages from a Research
Project in MLA Style 153
Part 4 APA Documentation Style 159
*19. APA Style: In-Text Citations 163APA In-Text Citations: Directory to
Sample Types20. APA Style: References 170APA In-Text Citations: Directory
to Sample Types21. APA Style: Format 193*22. Pages from a Research Project
in APA Style 195
Part 5 Chicago Documentation Style 200
23. Chicago Documentation Style: Elements 201Chicago Style: Directory to
Sample Note and Bibliography Entries 24. Pages from a Research Project in
Chicago Style 225
Part 6 Editing for Clarity 229
25. Avoid Wordiness 230a. Redundancies and unnecessary modifiersb. Wordy
phrasesc. Roundabout sentences26. Adding Missing Words 233a. Compound
structuresb. The word thatc. Words in comparisonsd. The articles a, an, the
27. Unscramble Mixed Constructions 235a. Mixed-up grammarb. Illogical
predicates28. Fixing Confusing Shifts 237a. Shifts in point of viewb.
Shifts in tensec. Shifts in mood and voice29. Using Parallel Construction
241a. Items in a seriesb. Paired ideas c. Function words30. Fixing
Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers 244a. Misplaced modifiersb. Ambiguous
modifiersc. Disruptive modifiersd. Split infinitivese. Dangling
modifiers31. Using Coordination and Subordination Effectively 249a.
Coordination used for ideas of unequal importanceb. Major ideas in main
clausesc. Combining short, choppy sentences d. Avoiding excessive
subordination32. Vary Your Sentences 252a. Sentence openingsb. Sentence
length and structurec. Cumulative and periodic sentencesd. An occasional
inversion, a rhetorical question, or an exclamation33. Choosing Active
Verbs 256a. Alternatives to be verbsb. The active voice34. Using
Appropriate Language 258a. Slang, regional expressions, and nonstandard
Englishb. Levels of formalityc. Jargond. Euphemisms and doublespeake.
Biased or sexist language35. Using Exact Language 263a. Connotationsb.
Specific and concrete wordsc. Standard idiomsd. Clichése. Figures of
speechf. Misusing words36. Glossary of Usage 266
Part 7 Editing for Grammar Conventions 279
37. Sentence Fragments 280a. Dependent-clause fragmentsb. Phrase
fragmentsc. Other types of fragments38. Comma Splices and Run-on Sentences
285a. Joining two clauses with a comma and a coordinating conjunction such
as and or butb. Joining two clauses with a semicolonc. Separating clauses
into two sentencesd. Turning one of the independent clauses into a
dependent clausee. Transforming two clauses into one independent clause39.
Subject-Verb Agreement 290a. When a word group separates the subject from
the verbb. Compound subjectsc. Collective subjectsd. Indefinite subjectse.
When the subject comes after the verbf. Subject complementg. Relative
pronounsh. Phrases beginning with -ing verbs i. Titles of works, names of
companies, or words representing themselves40. Problems with Verbs 297a.
Regular and irregular verbsb. Lay and lie, sit and set, rise and raisec.
Adding an -s or -es endingd. Adding a -d or an -ed endinge. Tensesf. Use of
the past perfect tenseg. Uses of the present tenseh. Complete verbsi.
Mood41. Master Problems with Pronouns 309a. Pronoun-antecedent agreement b.
Pronoun referencec. Pronoun cased. Who and whom42. Problems with Adjectives
and Adverbs 321a. Adverbsb. Adjectivesc. Positive, comparative, and
superlative adjectives and adverbsd. Double negatives43. Problems with
English Grammar of Special Concern to Multilingual Writers 326a. Using
articles (a, an, the) appropriatelyb. Using helping verbs with main
verbs*c. Using verbs followed by gerunds or infinitives d. Using complete
subjects and verbse. Using only one subject or object *f. Using adjectives
correctly *g. Putting adverbs in the correct place *h. Using prepositions
*i. Using direct objects with two-word verbs
Part 8 Editing for Correctness: Punctuation, Mechanics, and Spelling 339
44. Commas 340a. After an introductory word groupb. Between items in a
seriesc. In front of a coordinating conjunction joining independent
clausesd. Between coordinate adjectivese. To set off nonessential
elementsf. With transitional and parenthetical expressions, contrasting
comments, and absolute phrasesg. To set off words of direct address, yes
and no, mild interjections, and tag questionsh. To separate a direct
quotation from the rest of the sentencei. With dates, addresses, titles,
and numbersj. To take the place of an omitted word or phrase or to prevent
misreadingk. Common errors45. Semicolons 352 a. To join independent
clausesb. With transitional expressions that separate independent clausesc.
To separate items in a series when the items contain commasd. Common errors
46. Colons 356a. To introduce lists, appositives, or quotationsb. When a
second independent clause elaborates on the first onec. Other conventional
usesd. Common errors47. Apostrophes 358a. To indicate possessionb. With
indefinite pronounsc. To mark contractionsd. To form plural numbers,
letters, abbreviations, and words used as wordse. Common errors48.
Quotation Marks 361a. To indicate direct quotationsb. To enclose titles of
short worksc. To indicate that a word or phrase is being used in a special
wayd. Other punctuation with quotation markse. Common errors49. Other
Punctuation Marks 366a. The periodb. The question markc. The exclamation
pointd. Dashese. Parenthesesf. Bracketsg. Ellipsesh. Slashes50.
Capitalization 372a. Proper nounsb. Personal titlesc. Titles of creative
worksd. Names of areas or regionse. Names of races, ethnic groups, and
sacred thingsf. First word of a sentence or quoted sentenceg. First word
after a colon51. Abbreviations and Symbols 377a. Titles that always precede
or follow a person's name b. Familiar abbreviationsc. Latin abbreviationsd.
Inappropriate abbreviations and symbols52. Numbers 381a. Numerals versus
wordsb. Numbers that begin sentencesc. Conventional uses of numerals53.
Italics (Underlining) 383a. Titles of works or separate p ublicationsb.
Names of ships, trains, aircraft, and spaceshipsc. Foreign termsd.
Scientific namese. Words, letters, and numbers referred to as themselvesf.
For emphasis54. Hyphens 386a. To form a compound wordb. To create a
compound adjective or noun formsc. To spell out fractions and compound
numbersd. To attach some prefixes and suffixese. To divide words at the
ends of lines55. Spelling 388
Discipline-Specific Resources in the Library and on the Internet
D-1Glossary of Terms G-1 Index I-1 Abbreviations and Symbols for Editing
and Proofreading
or a chapter/section with major revisions. In addition, content is being
updated and revised throughout.
1. Writing in College 2 a. Learning about college assignments b. Learning
how to understand assignments *c. The Writing Situation 2. Informative
Reports 5a. Understanding the assignmentb. Approaching writing an
informative report as a process3. Interpretive Analyses and Writing about
Literature 7a. Understanding the assignmentb. Approaching writing an
interpretive analysis as a process4. Arguments 11a. Understanding the
assignmentb. Approaching writing an argument as a process5. Other Kinds of
Assignments 20a. Personal essaysb. Lab reports in the experimental
sciencesc. Case studies in the social sciencesd. Essay examse. Oral
presentationsf. Coauthored projectsg. Portfolios6. Designing Academic Texts
32*a. Considering audience and purpose *b. Using electronic tools c.
Thinking intentionally about design *d. Using and integrating visuals,
audio, and video *e. Designing pages for the Web *f. Creating blogs and
wikis
Part 2 Researching 49
7. Understanding the Purpose of Research Projects 50a. Understanding
primary and secondary researchb. Recognizing the connection between
research and college writing*c. Understanding the research assignmentd.
Choosing an interesting research question e. Creating a research plan8.
Finding Print and Online Sources 56a. Consulting various kinds of sourcesb.
Keyword searchesc. Using the library d. Searching the Internet9. Evaluating
Your Sources 67a. Questioning all sourcesb. Questioning Internet sourcesc.
Evaluating a source's arguments*10. Finding and Creating Effective Visuals
71 a. Finding quantitative data and displaying it visually b. Searching for
appropriate images in online and print sources11. Conducting Research in
the Archive, Field, and Lab 75a. Adhering to ethical principlesb. Preparing
for archival researchc. Planning your field researchd. Keeping a notebook
when doing lab research*12. Working with Sources and Avoiding Plagiarism
79a. Maintaining a working bibliographyb. Creating an annotated
bibliography c. Note taking d. Paraphrasing, summarizing, and quoting
sources e. Avoiding plagiarism and copyright infringement 13. Writing the
Paper 92a. Planning and draftingb. Integrating quotationsc. Documenting
your sources
Part 3 MLA Documentation Style 99
*14. MLA Style: In-Text Citations 104MLA In-Text Citations: Directory to
Sample Types*15. MLA Style: List of Works Cited116MLA Works-Cited Entries:
Directory to Sample Types16. MLA Style: Explanatory Notes and
Acknowledgments 15017. MLA Style: Format 151*18. Pages from a Research
Project in MLA Style 153
Part 4 APA Documentation Style 159
*19. APA Style: In-Text Citations 163APA In-Text Citations: Directory to
Sample Types20. APA Style: References 170APA In-Text Citations: Directory
to Sample Types21. APA Style: Format 193*22. Pages from a Research Project
in APA Style 195
Part 5 Chicago Documentation Style 200
23. Chicago Documentation Style: Elements 201Chicago Style: Directory to
Sample Note and Bibliography Entries 24. Pages from a Research Project in
Chicago Style 225
Part 6 Editing for Clarity 229
25. Avoid Wordiness 230a. Redundancies and unnecessary modifiersb. Wordy
phrasesc. Roundabout sentences26. Adding Missing Words 233a. Compound
structuresb. The word thatc. Words in comparisonsd. The articles a, an, the
27. Unscramble Mixed Constructions 235a. Mixed-up grammarb. Illogical
predicates28. Fixing Confusing Shifts 237a. Shifts in point of viewb.
Shifts in tensec. Shifts in mood and voice29. Using Parallel Construction
241a. Items in a seriesb. Paired ideas c. Function words30. Fixing
Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers 244a. Misplaced modifiersb. Ambiguous
modifiersc. Disruptive modifiersd. Split infinitivese. Dangling
modifiers31. Using Coordination and Subordination Effectively 249a.
Coordination used for ideas of unequal importanceb. Major ideas in main
clausesc. Combining short, choppy sentences d. Avoiding excessive
subordination32. Vary Your Sentences 252a. Sentence openingsb. Sentence
length and structurec. Cumulative and periodic sentencesd. An occasional
inversion, a rhetorical question, or an exclamation33. Choosing Active
Verbs 256a. Alternatives to be verbsb. The active voice34. Using
Appropriate Language 258a. Slang, regional expressions, and nonstandard
Englishb. Levels of formalityc. Jargond. Euphemisms and doublespeake.
Biased or sexist language35. Using Exact Language 263a. Connotationsb.
Specific and concrete wordsc. Standard idiomsd. Clichése. Figures of
speechf. Misusing words36. Glossary of Usage 266
Part 7 Editing for Grammar Conventions 279
37. Sentence Fragments 280a. Dependent-clause fragmentsb. Phrase
fragmentsc. Other types of fragments38. Comma Splices and Run-on Sentences
285a. Joining two clauses with a comma and a coordinating conjunction such
as and or butb. Joining two clauses with a semicolonc. Separating clauses
into two sentencesd. Turning one of the independent clauses into a
dependent clausee. Transforming two clauses into one independent clause39.
Subject-Verb Agreement 290a. When a word group separates the subject from
the verbb. Compound subjectsc. Collective subjectsd. Indefinite subjectse.
When the subject comes after the verbf. Subject complementg. Relative
pronounsh. Phrases beginning with -ing verbs i. Titles of works, names of
companies, or words representing themselves40. Problems with Verbs 297a.
Regular and irregular verbsb. Lay and lie, sit and set, rise and raisec.
Adding an -s or -es endingd. Adding a -d or an -ed endinge. Tensesf. Use of
the past perfect tenseg. Uses of the present tenseh. Complete verbsi.
Mood41. Master Problems with Pronouns 309a. Pronoun-antecedent agreement b.
Pronoun referencec. Pronoun cased. Who and whom42. Problems with Adjectives
and Adverbs 321a. Adverbsb. Adjectivesc. Positive, comparative, and
superlative adjectives and adverbsd. Double negatives43. Problems with
English Grammar of Special Concern to Multilingual Writers 326a. Using
articles (a, an, the) appropriatelyb. Using helping verbs with main
verbs*c. Using verbs followed by gerunds or infinitives d. Using complete
subjects and verbse. Using only one subject or object *f. Using adjectives
correctly *g. Putting adverbs in the correct place *h. Using prepositions
*i. Using direct objects with two-word verbs
Part 8 Editing for Correctness: Punctuation, Mechanics, and Spelling 339
44. Commas 340a. After an introductory word groupb. Between items in a
seriesc. In front of a coordinating conjunction joining independent
clausesd. Between coordinate adjectivese. To set off nonessential
elementsf. With transitional and parenthetical expressions, contrasting
comments, and absolute phrasesg. To set off words of direct address, yes
and no, mild interjections, and tag questionsh. To separate a direct
quotation from the rest of the sentencei. With dates, addresses, titles,
and numbersj. To take the place of an omitted word or phrase or to prevent
misreadingk. Common errors45. Semicolons 352 a. To join independent
clausesb. With transitional expressions that separate independent clausesc.
To separate items in a series when the items contain commasd. Common errors
46. Colons 356a. To introduce lists, appositives, or quotationsb. When a
second independent clause elaborates on the first onec. Other conventional
usesd. Common errors47. Apostrophes 358a. To indicate possessionb. With
indefinite pronounsc. To mark contractionsd. To form plural numbers,
letters, abbreviations, and words used as wordse. Common errors48.
Quotation Marks 361a. To indicate direct quotationsb. To enclose titles of
short worksc. To indicate that a word or phrase is being used in a special
wayd. Other punctuation with quotation markse. Common errors49. Other
Punctuation Marks 366a. The periodb. The question markc. The exclamation
pointd. Dashese. Parenthesesf. Bracketsg. Ellipsesh. Slashes50.
Capitalization 372a. Proper nounsb. Personal titlesc. Titles of creative
worksd. Names of areas or regionse. Names of races, ethnic groups, and
sacred thingsf. First word of a sentence or quoted sentenceg. First word
after a colon51. Abbreviations and Symbols 377a. Titles that always precede
or follow a person's name b. Familiar abbreviationsc. Latin abbreviationsd.
Inappropriate abbreviations and symbols52. Numbers 381a. Numerals versus
wordsb. Numbers that begin sentencesc. Conventional uses of numerals53.
Italics (Underlining) 383a. Titles of works or separate p ublicationsb.
Names of ships, trains, aircraft, and spaceshipsc. Foreign termsd.
Scientific namese. Words, letters, and numbers referred to as themselvesf.
For emphasis54. Hyphens 386a. To form a compound wordb. To create a
compound adjective or noun formsc. To spell out fractions and compound
numbersd. To attach some prefixes and suffixese. To divide words at the
ends of lines55. Spelling 388
Discipline-Specific Resources in the Library and on the Internet
D-1Glossary of Terms G-1 Index I-1 Abbreviations and Symbols for Editing
and Proofreading
Part 1 Common Assignments across the Curriculum 1 *Indicates a new section
or a chapter/section with major revisions. In addition, content is being
updated and revised throughout.
1. Writing in College 2 a. Learning about college assignments b. Learning
how to understand assignments *c. The Writing Situation 2. Informative
Reports 5a. Understanding the assignmentb. Approaching writing an
informative report as a process3. Interpretive Analyses and Writing about
Literature 7a. Understanding the assignmentb. Approaching writing an
interpretive analysis as a process4. Arguments 11a. Understanding the
assignmentb. Approaching writing an argument as a process5. Other Kinds of
Assignments 20a. Personal essaysb. Lab reports in the experimental
sciencesc. Case studies in the social sciencesd. Essay examse. Oral
presentationsf. Coauthored projectsg. Portfolios6. Designing Academic Texts
32*a. Considering audience and purpose *b. Using electronic tools c.
Thinking intentionally about design *d. Using and integrating visuals,
audio, and video *e. Designing pages for the Web *f. Creating blogs and
wikis
Part 2 Researching 49
7. Understanding the Purpose of Research Projects 50a. Understanding
primary and secondary researchb. Recognizing the connection between
research and college writing*c. Understanding the research assignmentd.
Choosing an interesting research question e. Creating a research plan8.
Finding Print and Online Sources 56a. Consulting various kinds of sourcesb.
Keyword searchesc. Using the library d. Searching the Internet9. Evaluating
Your Sources 67a. Questioning all sourcesb. Questioning Internet sourcesc.
Evaluating a source's arguments*10. Finding and Creating Effective Visuals
71 a. Finding quantitative data and displaying it visually b. Searching for
appropriate images in online and print sources11. Conducting Research in
the Archive, Field, and Lab 75a. Adhering to ethical principlesb. Preparing
for archival researchc. Planning your field researchd. Keeping a notebook
when doing lab research*12. Working with Sources and Avoiding Plagiarism
79a. Maintaining a working bibliographyb. Creating an annotated
bibliography c. Note taking d. Paraphrasing, summarizing, and quoting
sources e. Avoiding plagiarism and copyright infringement 13. Writing the
Paper 92a. Planning and draftingb. Integrating quotationsc. Documenting
your sources
Part 3 MLA Documentation Style 99
*14. MLA Style: In-Text Citations 104MLA In-Text Citations: Directory to
Sample Types*15. MLA Style: List of Works Cited116MLA Works-Cited Entries:
Directory to Sample Types16. MLA Style: Explanatory Notes and
Acknowledgments 15017. MLA Style: Format 151*18. Pages from a Research
Project in MLA Style 153
Part 4 APA Documentation Style 159
*19. APA Style: In-Text Citations 163APA In-Text Citations: Directory to
Sample Types20. APA Style: References 170APA In-Text Citations: Directory
to Sample Types21. APA Style: Format 193*22. Pages from a Research Project
in APA Style 195
Part 5 Chicago Documentation Style 200
23. Chicago Documentation Style: Elements 201Chicago Style: Directory to
Sample Note and Bibliography Entries 24. Pages from a Research Project in
Chicago Style 225
Part 6 Editing for Clarity 229
25. Avoid Wordiness 230a. Redundancies and unnecessary modifiersb. Wordy
phrasesc. Roundabout sentences26. Adding Missing Words 233a. Compound
structuresb. The word thatc. Words in comparisonsd. The articles a, an, the
27. Unscramble Mixed Constructions 235a. Mixed-up grammarb. Illogical
predicates28. Fixing Confusing Shifts 237a. Shifts in point of viewb.
Shifts in tensec. Shifts in mood and voice29. Using Parallel Construction
241a. Items in a seriesb. Paired ideas c. Function words30. Fixing
Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers 244a. Misplaced modifiersb. Ambiguous
modifiersc. Disruptive modifiersd. Split infinitivese. Dangling
modifiers31. Using Coordination and Subordination Effectively 249a.
Coordination used for ideas of unequal importanceb. Major ideas in main
clausesc. Combining short, choppy sentences d. Avoiding excessive
subordination32. Vary Your Sentences 252a. Sentence openingsb. Sentence
length and structurec. Cumulative and periodic sentencesd. An occasional
inversion, a rhetorical question, or an exclamation33. Choosing Active
Verbs 256a. Alternatives to be verbsb. The active voice34. Using
Appropriate Language 258a. Slang, regional expressions, and nonstandard
Englishb. Levels of formalityc. Jargond. Euphemisms and doublespeake.
Biased or sexist language35. Using Exact Language 263a. Connotationsb.
Specific and concrete wordsc. Standard idiomsd. Clichése. Figures of
speechf. Misusing words36. Glossary of Usage 266
Part 7 Editing for Grammar Conventions 279
37. Sentence Fragments 280a. Dependent-clause fragmentsb. Phrase
fragmentsc. Other types of fragments38. Comma Splices and Run-on Sentences
285a. Joining two clauses with a comma and a coordinating conjunction such
as and or butb. Joining two clauses with a semicolonc. Separating clauses
into two sentencesd. Turning one of the independent clauses into a
dependent clausee. Transforming two clauses into one independent clause39.
Subject-Verb Agreement 290a. When a word group separates the subject from
the verbb. Compound subjectsc. Collective subjectsd. Indefinite subjectse.
When the subject comes after the verbf. Subject complementg. Relative
pronounsh. Phrases beginning with -ing verbs i. Titles of works, names of
companies, or words representing themselves40. Problems with Verbs 297a.
Regular and irregular verbsb. Lay and lie, sit and set, rise and raisec.
Adding an -s or -es endingd. Adding a -d or an -ed endinge. Tensesf. Use of
the past perfect tenseg. Uses of the present tenseh. Complete verbsi.
Mood41. Master Problems with Pronouns 309a. Pronoun-antecedent agreement b.
Pronoun referencec. Pronoun cased. Who and whom42. Problems with Adjectives
and Adverbs 321a. Adverbsb. Adjectivesc. Positive, comparative, and
superlative adjectives and adverbsd. Double negatives43. Problems with
English Grammar of Special Concern to Multilingual Writers 326a. Using
articles (a, an, the) appropriatelyb. Using helping verbs with main
verbs*c. Using verbs followed by gerunds or infinitives d. Using complete
subjects and verbse. Using only one subject or object *f. Using adjectives
correctly *g. Putting adverbs in the correct place *h. Using prepositions
*i. Using direct objects with two-word verbs
Part 8 Editing for Correctness: Punctuation, Mechanics, and Spelling 339
44. Commas 340a. After an introductory word groupb. Between items in a
seriesc. In front of a coordinating conjunction joining independent
clausesd. Between coordinate adjectivese. To set off nonessential
elementsf. With transitional and parenthetical expressions, contrasting
comments, and absolute phrasesg. To set off words of direct address, yes
and no, mild interjections, and tag questionsh. To separate a direct
quotation from the rest of the sentencei. With dates, addresses, titles,
and numbersj. To take the place of an omitted word or phrase or to prevent
misreadingk. Common errors45. Semicolons 352 a. To join independent
clausesb. With transitional expressions that separate independent clausesc.
To separate items in a series when the items contain commasd. Common errors
46. Colons 356a. To introduce lists, appositives, or quotationsb. When a
second independent clause elaborates on the first onec. Other conventional
usesd. Common errors47. Apostrophes 358a. To indicate possessionb. With
indefinite pronounsc. To mark contractionsd. To form plural numbers,
letters, abbreviations, and words used as wordse. Common errors48.
Quotation Marks 361a. To indicate direct quotationsb. To enclose titles of
short worksc. To indicate that a word or phrase is being used in a special
wayd. Other punctuation with quotation markse. Common errors49. Other
Punctuation Marks 366a. The periodb. The question markc. The exclamation
pointd. Dashese. Parenthesesf. Bracketsg. Ellipsesh. Slashes50.
Capitalization 372a. Proper nounsb. Personal titlesc. Titles of creative
worksd. Names of areas or regionse. Names of races, ethnic groups, and
sacred thingsf. First word of a sentence or quoted sentenceg. First word
after a colon51. Abbreviations and Symbols 377a. Titles that always precede
or follow a person's name b. Familiar abbreviationsc. Latin abbreviationsd.
Inappropriate abbreviations and symbols52. Numbers 381a. Numerals versus
wordsb. Numbers that begin sentencesc. Conventional uses of numerals53.
Italics (Underlining) 383a. Titles of works or separate p ublicationsb.
Names of ships, trains, aircraft, and spaceshipsc. Foreign termsd.
Scientific namese. Words, letters, and numbers referred to as themselvesf.
For emphasis54. Hyphens 386a. To form a compound wordb. To create a
compound adjective or noun formsc. To spell out fractions and compound
numbersd. To attach some prefixes and suffixese. To divide words at the
ends of lines55. Spelling 388
Discipline-Specific Resources in the Library and on the Internet
D-1Glossary of Terms G-1 Index I-1 Abbreviations and Symbols for Editing
and Proofreading
or a chapter/section with major revisions. In addition, content is being
updated and revised throughout.
1. Writing in College 2 a. Learning about college assignments b. Learning
how to understand assignments *c. The Writing Situation 2. Informative
Reports 5a. Understanding the assignmentb. Approaching writing an
informative report as a process3. Interpretive Analyses and Writing about
Literature 7a. Understanding the assignmentb. Approaching writing an
interpretive analysis as a process4. Arguments 11a. Understanding the
assignmentb. Approaching writing an argument as a process5. Other Kinds of
Assignments 20a. Personal essaysb. Lab reports in the experimental
sciencesc. Case studies in the social sciencesd. Essay examse. Oral
presentationsf. Coauthored projectsg. Portfolios6. Designing Academic Texts
32*a. Considering audience and purpose *b. Using electronic tools c.
Thinking intentionally about design *d. Using and integrating visuals,
audio, and video *e. Designing pages for the Web *f. Creating blogs and
wikis
Part 2 Researching 49
7. Understanding the Purpose of Research Projects 50a. Understanding
primary and secondary researchb. Recognizing the connection between
research and college writing*c. Understanding the research assignmentd.
Choosing an interesting research question e. Creating a research plan8.
Finding Print and Online Sources 56a. Consulting various kinds of sourcesb.
Keyword searchesc. Using the library d. Searching the Internet9. Evaluating
Your Sources 67a. Questioning all sourcesb. Questioning Internet sourcesc.
Evaluating a source's arguments*10. Finding and Creating Effective Visuals
71 a. Finding quantitative data and displaying it visually b. Searching for
appropriate images in online and print sources11. Conducting Research in
the Archive, Field, and Lab 75a. Adhering to ethical principlesb. Preparing
for archival researchc. Planning your field researchd. Keeping a notebook
when doing lab research*12. Working with Sources and Avoiding Plagiarism
79a. Maintaining a working bibliographyb. Creating an annotated
bibliography c. Note taking d. Paraphrasing, summarizing, and quoting
sources e. Avoiding plagiarism and copyright infringement 13. Writing the
Paper 92a. Planning and draftingb. Integrating quotationsc. Documenting
your sources
Part 3 MLA Documentation Style 99
*14. MLA Style: In-Text Citations 104MLA In-Text Citations: Directory to
Sample Types*15. MLA Style: List of Works Cited116MLA Works-Cited Entries:
Directory to Sample Types16. MLA Style: Explanatory Notes and
Acknowledgments 15017. MLA Style: Format 151*18. Pages from a Research
Project in MLA Style 153
Part 4 APA Documentation Style 159
*19. APA Style: In-Text Citations 163APA In-Text Citations: Directory to
Sample Types20. APA Style: References 170APA In-Text Citations: Directory
to Sample Types21. APA Style: Format 193*22. Pages from a Research Project
in APA Style 195
Part 5 Chicago Documentation Style 200
23. Chicago Documentation Style: Elements 201Chicago Style: Directory to
Sample Note and Bibliography Entries 24. Pages from a Research Project in
Chicago Style 225
Part 6 Editing for Clarity 229
25. Avoid Wordiness 230a. Redundancies and unnecessary modifiersb. Wordy
phrasesc. Roundabout sentences26. Adding Missing Words 233a. Compound
structuresb. The word thatc. Words in comparisonsd. The articles a, an, the
27. Unscramble Mixed Constructions 235a. Mixed-up grammarb. Illogical
predicates28. Fixing Confusing Shifts 237a. Shifts in point of viewb.
Shifts in tensec. Shifts in mood and voice29. Using Parallel Construction
241a. Items in a seriesb. Paired ideas c. Function words30. Fixing
Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers 244a. Misplaced modifiersb. Ambiguous
modifiersc. Disruptive modifiersd. Split infinitivese. Dangling
modifiers31. Using Coordination and Subordination Effectively 249a.
Coordination used for ideas of unequal importanceb. Major ideas in main
clausesc. Combining short, choppy sentences d. Avoiding excessive
subordination32. Vary Your Sentences 252a. Sentence openingsb. Sentence
length and structurec. Cumulative and periodic sentencesd. An occasional
inversion, a rhetorical question, or an exclamation33. Choosing Active
Verbs 256a. Alternatives to be verbsb. The active voice34. Using
Appropriate Language 258a. Slang, regional expressions, and nonstandard
Englishb. Levels of formalityc. Jargond. Euphemisms and doublespeake.
Biased or sexist language35. Using Exact Language 263a. Connotationsb.
Specific and concrete wordsc. Standard idiomsd. Clichése. Figures of
speechf. Misusing words36. Glossary of Usage 266
Part 7 Editing for Grammar Conventions 279
37. Sentence Fragments 280a. Dependent-clause fragmentsb. Phrase
fragmentsc. Other types of fragments38. Comma Splices and Run-on Sentences
285a. Joining two clauses with a comma and a coordinating conjunction such
as and or butb. Joining two clauses with a semicolonc. Separating clauses
into two sentencesd. Turning one of the independent clauses into a
dependent clausee. Transforming two clauses into one independent clause39.
Subject-Verb Agreement 290a. When a word group separates the subject from
the verbb. Compound subjectsc. Collective subjectsd. Indefinite subjectse.
When the subject comes after the verbf. Subject complementg. Relative
pronounsh. Phrases beginning with -ing verbs i. Titles of works, names of
companies, or words representing themselves40. Problems with Verbs 297a.
Regular and irregular verbsb. Lay and lie, sit and set, rise and raisec.
Adding an -s or -es endingd. Adding a -d or an -ed endinge. Tensesf. Use of
the past perfect tenseg. Uses of the present tenseh. Complete verbsi.
Mood41. Master Problems with Pronouns 309a. Pronoun-antecedent agreement b.
Pronoun referencec. Pronoun cased. Who and whom42. Problems with Adjectives
and Adverbs 321a. Adverbsb. Adjectivesc. Positive, comparative, and
superlative adjectives and adverbsd. Double negatives43. Problems with
English Grammar of Special Concern to Multilingual Writers 326a. Using
articles (a, an, the) appropriatelyb. Using helping verbs with main
verbs*c. Using verbs followed by gerunds or infinitives d. Using complete
subjects and verbse. Using only one subject or object *f. Using adjectives
correctly *g. Putting adverbs in the correct place *h. Using prepositions
*i. Using direct objects with two-word verbs
Part 8 Editing for Correctness: Punctuation, Mechanics, and Spelling 339
44. Commas 340a. After an introductory word groupb. Between items in a
seriesc. In front of a coordinating conjunction joining independent
clausesd. Between coordinate adjectivese. To set off nonessential
elementsf. With transitional and parenthetical expressions, contrasting
comments, and absolute phrasesg. To set off words of direct address, yes
and no, mild interjections, and tag questionsh. To separate a direct
quotation from the rest of the sentencei. With dates, addresses, titles,
and numbersj. To take the place of an omitted word or phrase or to prevent
misreadingk. Common errors45. Semicolons 352 a. To join independent
clausesb. With transitional expressions that separate independent clausesc.
To separate items in a series when the items contain commasd. Common errors
46. Colons 356a. To introduce lists, appositives, or quotationsb. When a
second independent clause elaborates on the first onec. Other conventional
usesd. Common errors47. Apostrophes 358a. To indicate possessionb. With
indefinite pronounsc. To mark contractionsd. To form plural numbers,
letters, abbreviations, and words used as wordse. Common errors48.
Quotation Marks 361a. To indicate direct quotationsb. To enclose titles of
short worksc. To indicate that a word or phrase is being used in a special
wayd. Other punctuation with quotation markse. Common errors49. Other
Punctuation Marks 366a. The periodb. The question markc. The exclamation
pointd. Dashese. Parenthesesf. Bracketsg. Ellipsesh. Slashes50.
Capitalization 372a. Proper nounsb. Personal titlesc. Titles of creative
worksd. Names of areas or regionse. Names of races, ethnic groups, and
sacred thingsf. First word of a sentence or quoted sentenceg. First word
after a colon51. Abbreviations and Symbols 377a. Titles that always precede
or follow a person's name b. Familiar abbreviationsc. Latin abbreviationsd.
Inappropriate abbreviations and symbols52. Numbers 381a. Numerals versus
wordsb. Numbers that begin sentencesc. Conventional uses of numerals53.
Italics (Underlining) 383a. Titles of works or separate p ublicationsb.
Names of ships, trains, aircraft, and spaceshipsc. Foreign termsd.
Scientific namese. Words, letters, and numbers referred to as themselvesf.
For emphasis54. Hyphens 386a. To form a compound wordb. To create a
compound adjective or noun formsc. To spell out fractions and compound
numbersd. To attach some prefixes and suffixese. To divide words at the
ends of lines55. Spelling 388
Discipline-Specific Resources in the Library and on the Internet
D-1Glossary of Terms G-1 Index I-1 Abbreviations and Symbols for Editing
and Proofreading