High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Yegor Kuzmich Ligachev (Russian: , born November 29, 1920) is a Russian politician, who was a high-ranking official in the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU). Originally a protege of Mikhail Gorbachev, Ligachev became a challenger to his leadership. Ligachev was born on November 29, 1920 in Dubinkino, not far from Novosibirsk. Between 1938 and 1943 he attended the Ordzhonikidze Institute for Aviation in Moscow and attained a technical engineering degree. Ligachev joined the Communist Party at the age of 24 in 1944, later studying at the Higher Party School in 1951. Ligachev's career began in Siberia, where he was born, and took him to some of the highest functions of the Party. Ligachev was often regarded as Gorbachev's second man, holding important posts such as Secretary for Ideology. However, Ligachev lost his posts in 1990, a year before the end of the Soviet Union, resigning from his political career at the 28th Party Congress. Ligachev was critical of Yeltsin and Gorbachev to an extent, although he is often held as most remarkable for being Gorbachev's primary critic.