This text provides readers with an in-depth understanding of the essential aspects of youth substance abuse-an important contemporary personal, social, and public health issue. Humans have been using natural and synthetic chemicals for at least two millennia-primarily for the purpose of treating medical problems, but also for recreational purposes. The 2014 Monitoring the Future survey of eighth, tenth, and twelfth grade students indicates a general decline in the use of illicit drugs over the last two decades. On the other hand, perceptions among youth that certain types of drug use-like…mehr
This text provides readers with an in-depth understanding of the essential aspects of youth substance abuse-an important contemporary personal, social, and public health issue. Humans have been using natural and synthetic chemicals for at least two millennia-primarily for the purpose of treating medical problems, but also for recreational purposes. The 2014 Monitoring the Future survey of eighth, tenth, and twelfth grade students indicates a general decline in the use of illicit drugs over the last two decades. On the other hand, perceptions among youth that certain types of drug use-like marijuana and e-cigarettes-are harmless are growing. Youth Substance Abuse: A Reference Handbook provides an overview of the history and development of youth substance abuse along with a discussion of the medical, social, psychological, legal, and economic issues associated with youth substance abuse both in the United States and other parts of the world. The book begins with a comprehensive introduction to the subject of youth substance abuse that explains how modern societies have reached the point where abuse of both legal and illegal substances is a major health issue in many nations. Readers will learn about the effects of substances such as cocaine, marijuana, and heroin as well as substances that are typically legal but have deleterious health, social, or psychological effects, such as tobacco, alcohol, prescription drugs, and electronic cigarettes. Subsequent chapters address how and why youth substance abuse has become a problem in the United States and other countries, the demographics of this widespread problem, the direct and indirect effects of youth substance abuse and addiction, and the range of services and methods that are available for treating substance abuse.Hinweis: Dieser Artikel kann nur an eine deutsche Lieferadresse ausgeliefert werden.
Preface 1 Background and History What Is Substance Abuse? Teenage Substance Abuse in History Substance Use and Abuse in History Alcoholic Beverages Alcoholic Beverages in the Ancient World Risks of Drinking Alcohol Restrictions on Drinking Alcohol "Hard" Liquor Demographics of Alcohol Consumption Psychoactive Drugs in the Ancient World Tobacco Use in the Modern World Other Psychoactive Drugs in History Some Important Terms Uses of Psychoactive Drugs Psychoactive Plants in Antiquity Cocaine Opium Marijuana Summary and Conclusion References 2 Problems Issues and Solutions Alcohol What Are the Effects of Ethanol on the Human Body? Causes of Alcohol Abuse Dependence and Addiction Treatment Prevention Tobacco What Are the Effects of Tobacco on the Human Body? Causes of Tobacco Abuse Dependence and Addiction Treatment Prevention Electronic Cigarettes Illicit Drugs Stimulants What Are the Effects of Stimulants on the Human Body? Substance Addiction as a Brain Disease Signs and Symptoms of Stimulant Abuse Depressants What Are the Effects of Depressants on the Human Body? Signs and Symptoms of Depressant Abuse Hallucinogens What Are the Effects of Hallucinogens on the Human Body? Signs and Symptoms of Hallucinogen Abuse Licit Drugs Prescription Drugs of Abuse How Do Users Get Access to Prescription Drugs? Causes of Teenage Substance Abuse Causes of Substance Abuse Being an Adolescent Family Influences Physical Emotional and Sexual Abuse Neglect Peer Pressure Individual Traits Treatment Prevention Conclusion References 3 Perspectives Introduction All Are Welcome to Change: Billy Beaton Technology and Nature Enable Ethanol Abuse: Joel Grossman E-Cigarette Vapor versus Cigarette Smoke: Is Vapor Really Safer?: Amber Henning The Use of Neurofeedback in Treating Substance Use Disorders in Adolescents: Wanda K. Holloway The Demographics of Heroin Abuse Have Shifted Dramatically: Ashley Rekem The Etiology of Intravenous Heroin Use in Adolescent Girls: Clariza Saint George Enhancing Motivation for Therapy: The Importance of the Therapeutic Relationship: Nicole Sciarrino The Myth of the Drug-Habit: Defining Addiction as a Disease: Bryan F. Singer Substance Abuse and Transgender Youth: Michael Vallario 4 Profiles Richard Alpert (Ram Dass; 1931- ) American Society of Addiction Medicine Harry J. Anslinger (1892-1975) Bill W. (1895-1971) Hale Boggs (1914-1972/1973) Community Anti-Drug Coalitions of America Thomas De Quincey (1785-1859) Drug Free America Foundation Inc. Drug Policy Alliance European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction Francis B. Harrison (1873-1957) Albert Hofmann (1906-2008) Hon Lik (1951- ) Lloyd D. Johnston (1940- ) National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence Inc. National Institute on Drug Abuse Albert Niemann (1834-1861) Office of Adolescent Health Office of National Drug Control Policy Quanah Parker (ca. 1845-1911) Nancy Reagan (1921-2016) Friedrich Sertürner (1783-1841) Alexander "Sasha" Shulgin (1925-2014) Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Luther L. Terry (1911-1985) United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration R. Gordon Wasson (1898-1986) Hamilton Wright (1867-1917) 5 Data and Documents Introduction Data Table 5.1. Alcohol Involvement among Young Drivers (Age 15 to 20) Involved in Fatal Crashes by Year and Driver Status 2003 and 2012 Table 5.2. Trends in Lifetime Prevalence of Use of Various Drugs for Grades 8 10 and 12 (percentage of respondents) Table 5.3. Trends in Annual Prevalence of Use of Various Drugs for Grades 8 10 and 12 Combined (percentage) Table 5.4. Trends in 30-Day Prevalence of Use of Various Drugs for Grades 8 10 and 12 Combined (percentage) Table 5.5. Trends in Use of Certain Specific Drugs Grades 8 10 and 12 (percentage) Table 5.6. Percentage of High School Students Who Ever Took Steroids and Who Ever Took Prescription Drugs by Sex Race/Ethnicity and Grade Table 5.7. Trends in Disapproval of Substance Use (percentage) Documents Eighteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution (1919) Twenty-First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution (1933) Controlled Substances Act (1970) Controlled Substance Analogue Enforcement Act of 1986 Vernonia v. Acton 515 U.S. 646 (1995) Ecstasy AntiProliferation Act of 2000 Combat Methamphetamine Epidemic Act of 2005 Morse et al. v. Frederick (2007) Sottera Inc. v. Food and Drug Administration (No. 105032; 627 F.3d 891) (2010) House Bill No. 682 (The General Assembly of Pennsylvania) (2015) 6 Annotated Bibliography 7 Chronology Glossary Index About the Author
Preface 1 Background and History What Is Substance Abuse? Teenage Substance Abuse in History Substance Use and Abuse in History Alcoholic Beverages Alcoholic Beverages in the Ancient World Risks of Drinking Alcohol Restrictions on Drinking Alcohol "Hard" Liquor Demographics of Alcohol Consumption Psychoactive Drugs in the Ancient World Tobacco Use in the Modern World Other Psychoactive Drugs in History Some Important Terms Uses of Psychoactive Drugs Psychoactive Plants in Antiquity Cocaine Opium Marijuana Summary and Conclusion References 2 Problems Issues and Solutions Alcohol What Are the Effects of Ethanol on the Human Body? Causes of Alcohol Abuse Dependence and Addiction Treatment Prevention Tobacco What Are the Effects of Tobacco on the Human Body? Causes of Tobacco Abuse Dependence and Addiction Treatment Prevention Electronic Cigarettes Illicit Drugs Stimulants What Are the Effects of Stimulants on the Human Body? Substance Addiction as a Brain Disease Signs and Symptoms of Stimulant Abuse Depressants What Are the Effects of Depressants on the Human Body? Signs and Symptoms of Depressant Abuse Hallucinogens What Are the Effects of Hallucinogens on the Human Body? Signs and Symptoms of Hallucinogen Abuse Licit Drugs Prescription Drugs of Abuse How Do Users Get Access to Prescription Drugs? Causes of Teenage Substance Abuse Causes of Substance Abuse Being an Adolescent Family Influences Physical Emotional and Sexual Abuse Neglect Peer Pressure Individual Traits Treatment Prevention Conclusion References 3 Perspectives Introduction All Are Welcome to Change: Billy Beaton Technology and Nature Enable Ethanol Abuse: Joel Grossman E-Cigarette Vapor versus Cigarette Smoke: Is Vapor Really Safer?: Amber Henning The Use of Neurofeedback in Treating Substance Use Disorders in Adolescents: Wanda K. Holloway The Demographics of Heroin Abuse Have Shifted Dramatically: Ashley Rekem The Etiology of Intravenous Heroin Use in Adolescent Girls: Clariza Saint George Enhancing Motivation for Therapy: The Importance of the Therapeutic Relationship: Nicole Sciarrino The Myth of the Drug-Habit: Defining Addiction as a Disease: Bryan F. Singer Substance Abuse and Transgender Youth: Michael Vallario 4 Profiles Richard Alpert (Ram Dass; 1931- ) American Society of Addiction Medicine Harry J. Anslinger (1892-1975) Bill W. (1895-1971) Hale Boggs (1914-1972/1973) Community Anti-Drug Coalitions of America Thomas De Quincey (1785-1859) Drug Free America Foundation Inc. Drug Policy Alliance European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction Francis B. Harrison (1873-1957) Albert Hofmann (1906-2008) Hon Lik (1951- ) Lloyd D. Johnston (1940- ) National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence Inc. National Institute on Drug Abuse Albert Niemann (1834-1861) Office of Adolescent Health Office of National Drug Control Policy Quanah Parker (ca. 1845-1911) Nancy Reagan (1921-2016) Friedrich Sertürner (1783-1841) Alexander "Sasha" Shulgin (1925-2014) Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Luther L. Terry (1911-1985) United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration R. Gordon Wasson (1898-1986) Hamilton Wright (1867-1917) 5 Data and Documents Introduction Data Table 5.1. Alcohol Involvement among Young Drivers (Age 15 to 20) Involved in Fatal Crashes by Year and Driver Status 2003 and 2012 Table 5.2. Trends in Lifetime Prevalence of Use of Various Drugs for Grades 8 10 and 12 (percentage of respondents) Table 5.3. Trends in Annual Prevalence of Use of Various Drugs for Grades 8 10 and 12 Combined (percentage) Table 5.4. Trends in 30-Day Prevalence of Use of Various Drugs for Grades 8 10 and 12 Combined (percentage) Table 5.5. Trends in Use of Certain Specific Drugs Grades 8 10 and 12 (percentage) Table 5.6. Percentage of High School Students Who Ever Took Steroids and Who Ever Took Prescription Drugs by Sex Race/Ethnicity and Grade Table 5.7. Trends in Disapproval of Substance Use (percentage) Documents Eighteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution (1919) Twenty-First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution (1933) Controlled Substances Act (1970) Controlled Substance Analogue Enforcement Act of 1986 Vernonia v. Acton 515 U.S. 646 (1995) Ecstasy AntiProliferation Act of 2000 Combat Methamphetamine Epidemic Act of 2005 Morse et al. v. Frederick (2007) Sottera Inc. v. Food and Drug Administration (No. 105032; 627 F.3d 891) (2010) House Bill No. 682 (The General Assembly of Pennsylvania) (2015) 6 Annotated Bibliography 7 Chronology Glossary Index About the Author
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