High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! In mathematics, the butterfly lemma or Zassenhaus lemma, named after Hans Julius Zassenhaus, is a technical result on the lattice of subgroups of a group or the lattice of submodules of a module, or more generally for any modular lattice.Zassenhaus proved this lemma specifically to give the smoothest proof of the Schreier refinement theorem. The 'butterfly' becomes apparent when trying to draw the Hasse diagram of the various groups involved.