In the search for solutions against various pathologies, researchers use several approaches including the study of animal self-medication. In this book, we present the nutritional and therapeutic potential of plant species belonging to around thirty botanical families consumed by Mandrills in the Lékédi Park and the indigenous human populations of Bakoumba. Specifically, we present the phytochemical and pharmacodynamic properties, ethnobotanical and ecological uses of plants used by the two populations of primates (human and non-human) as well as their energy contributions.Given the diversity of molecules, it follows that zoopharmacognosy or the study of the self-medication behavior of animals in general would be a new source of discovery of biologically active molecules that could constitute a source of therapeutic and nutritional knowledge for alternative medicine. efficient.This futuristic approach to research applicable in Dietetics and Medicine also makes it possible to enrich the ethological knowledge of animals and increase animal well-being.