Acid Deposition at High Elevation Sites (eBook, PDF)

Redaktion: Unsworth, M. H.; Fowler, D.

• Format: PDF

Produktbeschreibung

There is no shortage of general books on the subject of acid rain, or of symposium proceedings reviewing work ranging from atmospheric chemistry and deposition processes to freshwater acidification and effects on vegetation. In contrast, the collection of papers from this Workshop is focussed on a much smaller subject, the processes of acid deposition at high altitude sites. Interest in deposition at high elevation sites comes largely from observed vertical gradients in the degree of forest damage at sites in the Federal Republic of Germany and the eastern United States. These gradients show that damage to Norway spruce and fir increases with altitude at sites in Bavaria and the Black Forest, and that Red spruce are declining at high elevation sites in the Appalachian Mountains. With the large scale of scientific interest in forest decline, cany research groups, during the last five years, have been examining atmospheric chemistry, deposition processes, and effects on vegetation and soils at upland sites. In particular there have been many recent studies of cloud and precipitation chemistry, which show much larger concentrations of all ions in cloud water than in rain or snow. These studies have also shown that processes of wet and dry deposition and also the chemistry of the air at hill tops are modified strongly by orographic effects.

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: Springer Netherlands
• Seitenzahl: 670
• Erscheinungstermin: 6. Dezember 2012
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9789400930797
• Artikelnr.: 44171006

Inhaltsangabe

I Modelling Cloud Chemistry and Deposition.- Atmospheric Chemistry at Elevated Sites - A Discussion of the Processes Involved and the Limits of Current Understanding.- Meteorological and Chemical Factors Influencing Cloud-Water Composition in a Non-Precipitating, Liquid- Water Updraft.- Photochemical Production of Carboxylic Acids in a Remote Continental Atmosphere.- Sulphur Scavenging in a Mesoscale Model with Quasi-Spectral Microphysics.- II Cloud and Rain Chemistry: Process Studies.- Physical Influences of Altitude on the Chemical Properties of Clouds and of Water Deposited From the Troposphere.- Measurements of the Short-Term Variability of Aqueous-Phase Mass Concentrations in Cloud Droplets.- Processes Determining Cloudwater Composition: Inferences from Field Measurements.- Cloud Microphysical Processes Relevant to Cloud Chemistry.- Modelling Wet Deposition Onto Elevated Topography.- Cloud Chemistry Research at Great Dun Fell.- Measurements of Ambient SO2 And H2O2 At Great Dun Fell and Evidence of Their Reaction in Cloud.- Wet Deposition and Altitude, The Role of Orographic Cloud.- Time Resolution in Precipitation and Cloud Sampling.- Controlled Chemical Kinetic Experiments in Cloud: A Review of the CERL/UMIST Great Dun Fell Project.- Physics of Cloudwater Deposition and Evaporation at Castlelaw, S.E. Scotland.- A Comparison of Methods for Estimating Cloud Water Deposition To A New Hampshire (USA) Subalpine Forest.- III Cloud and Rain Chemistry: Monitoring Studies.- A Comparison of Atmospheric Exposure Conditions at High-and Low-Elevation Forests in the Southern Appalachian Mountain Range.- Chemical Concentrations in Cloud Water from Four Sites in the Eastern United States.- Measurements of the Properties of High Elevation Fog in Quebec, Canada.- ExperimentAlsdan (1985): Some Preliminary Results of Height Resolved Measurements of Trace Gases, Aerosol Composition, Cloud- and Precipitation Water.- Chemistry of Cloud Water and Precipitation at an Alpine Mountain Station.- Measurements of the Chemical Composition in Cloud and Fogwater.- Chemical Composition of Wet Deposition in he Eastern Alpine Region.- Concentration Gradients in Atmospheric Precipitation in Areas of High Annual Precipitation.- Fog Chemistry and Deposition in the Po Valley, Italy.- IV Dry, Wet and Occult Deposition.- Particles in Orographic Cloud and the Implications of Their Transfer to Plant Surfaces.- High Efficiency Annular Denuders for the Determination of Species Responsible For Atmospheric Acidity.- A Fog Chamber and Wind Tunnel Facility for Calibration of Cloud Water Collectors.- Chemical Composition of Bulk Atmospheric Deposition to Snow at Col De Le Brenva (MT Blanc Area).- Chemical Composition of the Seasonal Snowcover at a Southern French Alps Site: Some Preliminary Results.- Chemical Composition of Snow in the Remote Scottish Highlands.- Measuring and Modelling Dry Deposition in Mountainous Areas.- Numerical Simulation of SO2 Concentration and Dry Deposition Fields in the Tulla Experiment.- A New Instrument for SO2 Eddy Flux Measurements.- Gaseous Deposition of SO2, NOx and O3 to a Spruce Stand in the National Park "Bayerischer Wald".- V Processes at the Surface.- Deposition Rates of Airborne Substances to Forest Canopies in Relation to Surface Structure.- A Simple and Appropriate Method for the Assessment of Total Atmospheric Deposition in Forest Ecosystem Monitoring.- Observations on Wet and Dry Deposition to Foliage at a High Elevation Site.- Chemical Interactions Between Cloud Droplets and Trees.- Chemical and Physical Processes in AcidRain Drops on Leaf Surfaces.- Author Index.

Rezensionen

`This book should be required reading for those interested in how acid contributes to environmental damage.'
J. Miller, Bulletin American Meteorological Society.

`This book should be required reading for those interested in how acid contributes to environmental damage.'
J. Miller, Bulletin American Meteorological Society.